Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42226283›Full record

ArticleActa epileptologica2026

Long-term effects of carbamazepine on bone-related biochemical markers in patients with epilepsy.

Alqassem Y Hakami, Azzam A Althagafi, Abdulla S Alkhayat, Belal A Alturkistani, Hesham E Mawar, Ibrahim H Ibrahim, Haneen Abualhamail, Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed

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Article in Acta epileptologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alqassem Y HakamiCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9515. Hakamia@ksau-hs.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-1339
Azzam A AlthagafiCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9515.
Abdulla S AlkhayatCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9515.
Belal A AlturkistaniCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9515.
Hesham E MawarCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9515.
Ibrahim H IbrahimCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9515.
Haneen AbualhamailPharmaceutical Services Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Eldigire AhmedKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 22384, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCarbamazepine (CBZ) is a commonly prescribed antiseizure medication frequently prescribed for epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and mood disorders. However, CBZ is a strong inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which can accelerate the catabolism of vitamin D and potentially alter bone metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term CBZ administration on bone health in patients with epilepsy.

methodsAn observational study involving 226 patients was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We analyzed the pre- and post-treatment serum levels of vitamin D (nmol/L), alkaline phosphatase (U/L), sodium (mmol/L), and calcium (mmol/L) to assess biochemical changes associated with prolonged CBZ therapy.

resultsThe analysis of vitamin D revealed a significant decrease after CBZ treatment (mean ± SD= 36.6 ± 15.68 nmol/L) compared to pre-treatment (45 ± 23.25 nmol/L) with a 95% CI of -14.47 to -2.37 and P = 0.007. Additionally, following the administration of CBZ, serum levels of calcium and sodium were both significantly reduced with P < 0.001 and P = 0.019, respectively. However, alkaline phosphatase levels showed no significant change.

conclusionsThe study outcomes suggest a potential association between long-term CBZ use and bone health, as supported by the presence of biochemical abnormalities. Furthermore, these findings underscore the importance of proactive clinical screening and bone-preserving interventions. Moreover, further studies are recommended to address the management of epilepsy patients with impaired bone health.

Indexed as

Bone healthCalciumCarbamazepineDrug effectEpilepsyVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID42226283
PMCPMC13227868

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.