Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42226587›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2026

Longitudinal Trajectories in Essential Tremor: Evidence From A Seven-Year Follow-Up of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms.

Luca Angelini, Daniele Birreci, Anna Sofia Grandolfo, Martina De Riggi, Davide Costa, Adriana Martini, Sara Cirinei, Simone Aloisio, Giulia Paparella, Rick C G Helmich and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Luca AngeliniIRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-7476
Daniele BirreciDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Anna Sofia GrandolfoDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1607-5050
Martina De RiggiDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Davide CostaDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de Lellis, General District Hospital, Rieti, Italy.
Adriana MartiniDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de Lellis, General District Hospital, Rieti, Italy.
Sara CirineiDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Simone AloisioDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Giulia PaparellaNeurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Rick C G HelmichCentre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Matteo BolognaIRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.

Funding

Ministero della Salute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEssential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder characterized by heterogeneous features, though the rate and pattern of worsening are variable. Longitudinal data combining clinical and objective motor measures remain limited, resulting in uncertainty regarding trajectories and predictors of progression in ET.

methodsTwenty-two patients from a previously established ET/ET-plus cohort underwent a third clinical and kinematic evaluation almost seven years after baseline. Kinematic analysis assessed postural, kinetic, rest tremor, and finger-tapping performance. Longitudinal changes were evaluated using non-parametric statistics and linear mixed-effects models adjusting for clinical covariates.

resultsOver time, tremor worsened overall. Kinematic measures indicated a selective increase in kinetic tremor severity, while rest and postural tremor amplitude remained stable. Clinically, tremor spread to a greater number of body regions. Soft neurological signs increased over time and were associated with greater tremor spread. Cognitive performance showed only a mild decline, partly related to age and affective symptoms. Higher baseline tremor severity was associated with greater worsening of kinetic tremor, and lower baseline cognitive scores with changes in postural tremor.

conclusionsET progression is heterogeneous and often non-linear. Kinematic measures were particularly sensitive in capturing worsening of kinetic tremor, the most disabling clinical feature. The accumulation of soft neurological signs and their association with tremor spread support the notion of ET-plus as a more advanced disease stage with broader cerebral involvement. Independent of disease progression, there were strong aging-related effects. Future multimodal longitudinal studies may clarify how aging interacts with disease trajectories in essential tremor.

Indexed as

Essential TremorAgedBiomechanical PhenomenaDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSeverity of Illness Indexdisease progressionessential tremoressential tremor pluskinematic analysislongitudinal study

Identifiers

PMID42226587
PMCPMC13239973

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.