Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42226921›Full record

ReviewImmunoTargets and therapy2026

Comprehensive Review of Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: From Mechanisms to Nursing Interventions.

Qiuyu Zhu, Yongwei Lai, Jie Zhao, Zhihong Zhang, Xiaoli Cui, Mengyuan Kou

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ImmunoTargets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Qiuyu ZhuSchool of Nursing, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0002-3196-0218
Yongwei LaiSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
Jie ZhaoDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
Zhihong ZhangDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoli CuiDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0001-3630-6066
Mengyuan KouSchool of Nursing, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive tract worldwide, with significant regional variations in its epidemiological characteristics. Traditional treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have limited efficacy and substantial adverse events, which can no longer meet clinical needs. In recent years, immunotherapy has brought new breakthroughs for CRC by reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and blocking tumor immune escape. This review systematically summarizes the core mechanisms and clinical applications of major immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and oncolytic viruses (OVs). We focus on individualized treatment selection for different molecular subtypes (pMMR/MSS vs. dMMR/MSI-H), biomarker screening, efficacy evaluation, drug resistance mechanisms, and countermeasures. We also discuss novel targets and biomarker optimization for precision therapy. In addition, given the unique immune-related adverse events, we introduce the CRC "SSEIE" nursing model and its value in whole-process management. This review integrates the latest advances in CRC immunotherapy and nursing interventions, providing a reference for optimizing clinical regimens, improving nursing quality, and enhancing patient prognosis.

Indexed as

CRCdMMR/MSI-Hnursing interventionpMMR/MSStumor immunotherapy

Identifiers

PMID42226921
PMCPMC13222602

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.