Evidence mapPaperPMID 42227201Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2026

Fixed-Dose Combinations for Hypertension: Barriers to Use and Opportunities for Health Systems.

Pranay Narang, Josselyne Marquez, Neema Rashidi, Rohini Haar, Sandeep P Kishore

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Pranay NarangUniversity of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Francisco Joint Medical Program, Berkeley, California, USA.
Josselyne MarquezSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Neema RashidiUniversity of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Francisco Joint Medical Program, Berkeley, California, USA.
Rohini HaarSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Sandeep P KishoreDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUncontrolled hypertension is a leading driver of heart disease, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, dementia, stroke, and pregnancy-related complications. Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are guideline-endorsed first-line therapies that improve blood pressure control by reducing pill burden, improving adherence, and targeting multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. However, FDC utilization remains low across U.S. health systems. Few studies examine the factors influencing FDC uptake; existing qualitative studies rarely interrogate structural barriers or formulate stakeholder-informed recommendations.

methodsWe explored the perspectives of providers, population health stakeholders, and health system executives through semi-structured interviews/thematic analysis to identify structural and provider-level barriers to FDC utilization and formulate recommendations for health systems.

resultsStructural barriers included low exposure to FDCs early in training, entrenched monotherapy-reliant cultures, workflow constraints, fragmented formularies, and absent performance incentives and leadership endorsements. Provider-level perspectives and practices diverged: clinicians reported minimal use of FDCs, limited familiarity with FDCs, and concerns about dosage inflexibility and adverse effects. By contrast, pharmacists and nurse practitioners identified as major proponents of FDCs, demonstrated broad familiarity with therapeutic and cost advantages, and reframed clinicians concerns as misconceptions due to limited exposure.

conclusionsTo improve FDC utilization, we propose: (1) integrating FDC exposure into early medical and pharmacy curricula; (2) embedding decision-support tools and SmartSets that prompt FDC consideration into electronic medical records; (3) expanding team-based care models to distribute responsibility for medication intensification; (4) securing leadership endorsements, novel incentive structures for providers, and data tracking mechanisms; and (5) fostering normative change through champions, CME-accredited workshops, and socialization strategies.

Indexed as

Antihypertensive AgentsHypertensionAdherence InterventionsDelivery of Health CareDrug CombinationsHumansMedication AdherenceQualitative ResearchUnited StatesAntihypertensive AgentsDrug Combinationschronic diseasefixed‐dose combinationshypertensionqualitative research

Identifiers

PMID42227201
PMCPMC13238747

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.