ReviewCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2026
Progress of Immunotherapies in Parkinson's Disease.
Review in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Genetic architecture and molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Increasing evidence suggests that immunotherapies targeting α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology may offer potential disease-modifying strategies for PD.
objectiveThis review aims to systematically summarize recent advances in α-syn-targeted immunotherapies for PD and to evaluate the translational challenges and future directions of precision immunotherapy.
methodsWe critically reviewed the preclinical evidence and clinical trial outcomes of both active immunization strategies, including PD01A and UB-312, and passive monoclonal antibody therapies, such as prasinezumab and cinpanemab.
resultsEarly-phase studies demonstrated favorable safety profiles and robust peripheral target engagement for several immunotherapeutic candidates. However, recent Phase II clinical trials, including PASADENA and SPARK, failed to achieve their primary clinical endpoints, highlighting a substantial gap between biological target engagement and meaningful clinical benefit. Emerging strategies aimed at overcoming these limitations include stage-specific interventions, optimized patient stratification, and differentiated therapeutic approaches.
conclusionAlthough current α-syn-targeted immunotherapies have shown limited clinical efficacy, ongoing advances in precision immunotherapy and individualized intervention strategies may help overcome existing therapeutic bottlenecks. This review provides a strategic framework for the future development of disease-modifying therapies for PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.