Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42228048›Full record

ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2026

Transfer of fresh versus frozen embryos among underweight women: significant difference in the occurrence of small-for-gestational-age infants.

Jiexin Tang, Hongqiang Xie, Xuan Gao, Yang Zou, Yuan Gao

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Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jiexin TangState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Hongqiang XieState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Xuan GaoState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Yang ZouState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China. zouyang@sduivf.com.
Yuan GaoState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China. gaoyuan@sduivf.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeGiven that underweight women are at high risk for delivering small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, this study aimed to investigate whether frozen-embryo transfer (frozen-ET) reduces the occurrence of SGA compared to fresh-embryo transfer (fresh-ET) in this population undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART).

methodsThis retrospective unicentric cohort study included 1140 underweight women (pre-pregnancy body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m

resultsSingleton deliveries following frozen-ET exhibited a significantly lower SGA rate (13.8% [47/340] vs. 7.3% [58/800], p < 0.001) and higher birthweight (3127.8 ± 465.3 g vs. 3260.4 ± 437.9 g, p < 0.001) compared to fresh-ET. No significant differences were observed in rates of preterm birth, congenital anomalies, or maternal pregnancy complications. After adjusting for confounders, frozen-ET was associated with a significantly lower risk of SGA (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22-0.78; p = 0.006).

conclusionsAmong underweight women undergoing ART, frozen-ET was associated with a lower risk of SGA compared to fresh-ET, without an observed increase in maternal or neonatal complications. These findings suggest that pre-pregnancy BMI may be relevant to the individualization of embryo transfer strategies, although further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this association.

Indexed as

Assisted reproductive technologyBody mass indexFresh-embryo transferFrozen-embryo transferSmall for gestational age

Identifiers

PMID42228048

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.