Evidence mapPaperPMID 42230468Full record

ArticleVirus genes2026

Municipal waste workers and hepatitis B and C virus and HTLV infection a cross-sectional study.

Fatemeh Rafiei-Abatari, Zahra Mohtasham-Amiri, Arash Pourgholaminejad, Reza Jafari-Shakib

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Article in Virus genes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fatemeh Rafiei-AbatariSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Zahra Mohtasham-AmiriGuilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Arash PourgholaminejadDepartment of Immunology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Reza Jafari-ShakibDepartment of Immunology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. shakib@gums.ac.ir.

Funding

Guilan University of Medical Sciences 12309
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, millions of individuals are infected with blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV). Municipal waste workers (MWWs) are recognized as vulnerable populations for acquiring these infections due to exposure to contaminated waste. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HTLV infections among MWWs in Rasht, the most populous city in Guilan province in Northern Iran. In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2023, blood samples were collected from MWWs. Following serum separation, serological testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV antibodies, and anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Comprehensive demographic, behavioral, and medical history data were obtained through structured interviews, and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Among 511 male workers (from 24 to 60 years old), 48 individuals (9.4%) reported no HBV vaccination, 70.4% had experienced injury by a sharp object in the waste, and 35.8% of them reported needle-stick injuries. Positive tests for anti-HCV antibodies, HBsAg, and anti-HTLV-1/2 were 3 (0.59%), 1 (0.2%), and 0 (0%), respectively. The seroprevalence of HCV observed in this study was marginally higher than that reported in the general population of Guilan province. Considering the high rate of occupational injuries among MWWs, it is imperative to implement comprehensive occupational health strategies such as routine screening, safety training programs to minimize exposure risks, and vaccination programs (for HBV vaccine if unvaccinated) for waste workers upon employment.

Indexed as

Hepatitis BHepatitis CHTLV-I InfectionsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesHepacivirusHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B virusHumansHuman T-lymphotropic virus 1IranMaleMiddle AgedOccupational ExposureSeroepidemiologic StudiesYoung AdultHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis BHepatitis CHTLVIranMunicipal waste workers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.