ArticleScientific reports2026
Dual-targeted glutathione-glutamate functionalized Bismuth-Niosomes hybrid nanosystem for co-delivery of doxorubicin and Pi3K inhibitor into U87 glioblastoma cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The simultaneous use of multiple therapeutic methods as combinational therapy could be a promising strategy to overcome glioblastoma resistance. We introduced a hybrid Bismuth-Niosomes nanocarriers containing Pi3K inhibitor and doxorubicin drug and targeted by glutathione and glutamate ligands (BiNPs-NISM-Dox/Pi3Ki@BSA-GSH-Glu). Finally, its anticancer effects were evaluated the in vitro on U87 glioblastoma cell line. The nanosystems were synthesized using a modified thin-film hydration technique and characterized using FTIR, UV-vis, DLS, TEM, FESEM, EDX, in vitro release, and hemolysis tests. The anticancer efficacy of nanosystems was evaluated through cellular uptake, cell viability, gene expression, cell-cycle, apoptosis, and scratch assays under both treatment conditions (without/with 2 Gy X-irradiation). Characterization results such as proper interaction among agent groups, nanometer size, negative charge, spherical morphology, good stability in biological medium, time/pH-dependent drug release, hemocompatibility, and high cellular internalization confirmed the correct synthesis of nanosystems. The treatment of U87 cells with BiNPs-NISM-Dox-Pi3Ki@BSA-GSH-Glu nanosystem under both conditions of X-ray exposure led to cell viability reduction, Vimentin, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-xL genes downregulation, cell cycle arrest (sub-G1 phase), apoptosis induction, and cell migration inhibition. The synergistic effects of final formulation of nanosystem along with X-irradiation exposure is statistically significant compared to No X-irradiation condition. The obtained results revealed that BiNPs-NISM-Dox-Pi3Ki@BSA-GSH-Glu nanosystem could be considered as a novel promising combinational therapy approach to overcome conventional limitations of current glioma cancer treatments through targeted drug delivery, signaling pathway inhibition, chemoradiotherapy. Further investigations including in vivo and clinical studies for assess reducing the side effects of drugs and optimum efficacy is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.