Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42230973›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026

A wearable non-invasive sonogenetic pacemaker.

Chen Gong, Gengxi Lu, Baoqiang Liu, Z Phil Che, Jie Ji, Fan Wei, Junhao Lin, Xiao Wan, Songsong Tang, Runze Li and 23 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Chen Gong *Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6262-704X
Gengxi LuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. gengxilu@mit.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-050X
Baoqiang Liu *Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-8904
Z Phil Che *Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jie JiAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Fan WeiAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-0652-4841
Junhao LinAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7050-9448
Xiao WanDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Songsong TangDepartment of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-6563
Runze LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-5904
Won Jun SongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-5888
Fengyi MaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jaemin SeoDepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-9521
Sunyoung JungAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jiawen ChenAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Shanshan WangDepartment of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Junhang ZhangAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-3102
Xin SunAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jiarui WangAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Yushun ZengAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-4085
Gengle NiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Xinhao YangAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Xunan LiuAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Joshua I ChalifDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Shucong LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Hsiao-Chuan LiuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-8821
Longwei LiuAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-9066
Hangbo ZhaoAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-4192
Christoph G S NabzdykDepartment of Anesthesiology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jun ChenDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3439-0495
Yingxiao WangAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Xuanhe ZhaoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. zhaox@mit.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-6186
Qifa ZhouAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. qifazhou@usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-3020

Funding

Acoustothermogenetics for Cell EngineeringR35GM140929 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI WANG, YINGXIAO · 2021 to 2025
$2.9M
High-resolution Elastographic Assessment of the Optic Nerve HeadR01EY028662 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CHEN, ZHONGPING, SIGAL, IAN A · 2018 to 2021
$2.7M
Non-invasive Ultrasound Stimulated Retinal ProsthesisR01EY030126 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ZHOU, QIFA · 2019 to 2022
$2.0M
National Science Foundation (NSF) EFMA-1935291NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM140929U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01EY028662U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01EY030126U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL153857-01U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL167947-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiac pacemakers are critical for treating heart rhythm disorders, but traditional implants are associated with great risks and complications owing to their invasive nature. Here we introduce a wearable non-invasive ultrasound pacemaker (NUP) that activates engineered sonogenetic ion channels (MscL-G22S) to modulate cardiomyocytes, achieving spatiotemporally controlled precise cardiac pacing. In vitro studies on transfected human cardiomyocytes demonstrated synchronized calcium signalling and controlled responses to ultrasound stimulation. In vivo experiments in rats showed non-invasive pacing with high spatial precision (less than 1 mm) and frequency control (up to 9 Hz) stimulations in different heart chambers, restoring sinus rhythm in arrhythmic models. We validated long-term safety during daily activities in rats over 8 months. To assess translational potential, we show the genetic safety of NUP and demonstrated its feasibility for human-scale applications in ex vivo porcine models. With its compact, wearable design and imaging-guided stimulation, the NUP offers a non-invasive, safe and adaptable pacemaker solution for cardiac rhythm management.

Identifiers

PMID42230973

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.