ArticleBritish journal of cancer2026
An advanced in vitro bladder cancer model integrating bladder cancer spheroids into a healthy human urothelium for preclinical therapeutic testing.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite therapy advances, better solutions for refractory bladder cancer remain an unmet need. Human cell-based models may aid in better treatment translation. We introduce 3D-UHU-TU, a bladder cancer microtissue model which incorporates spheroids derived from low- and high-grade human bladder cancer cell lines (RT112 and T24 respectively) into a healthy human urothelium.
methodsAfter model characterisation with histopathology and immunofluorescence microscopy, we trialled both the conventional chemotherapeutic Mitomycin C (MMC), and a novel herpes simplex oncolytic virus (oHSV-GFP), each assessed using confocal microscopy and cytotoxicity assays.
resultsWe observed correct expression of E- and N-Cadherin, CK7, CK20, GATA3 and Ki-67, alongside invasion and migration phenotypes. MMC treatment caused cell lysis and nuclear damage in cancer spheroids in both low- and high-grade models, with minimal damage to the surrounding healthy urothelium, and a significant increase in cleaved caspase 3 in low-grade models. oHSV-GFP co-localised in cancer spheroids and induced syncytia, spheroid disaggregation and cytotoxicity with minimal to no co-localisation or cytotoxicity in the healthy urothelium.
conclusion3D-UHU-TU model is useful for testing both treatment safety and efficacy on different grades of bladder cancer. Future use of primary tumour spheroids in place of cell lines may allow a personalised medicine approach.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.