ReviewCureus2026
Treatment Options for Chronic Pain After Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventional, Pharmacological, and Rehabilitative Strategies.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 (PSPS-T2), historically referred to as failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), is a complex, debilitating chronic pain condition following spinal surgery. This nomenclature transition reflects a paradigm shift from viewing the condition as a singular surgical "failure" to a primary neuro-inflammatory and centrally sensitized disease state. While advancements in interventional techniques and neuromodulation have improved numerical pain scores, their impact on functional metrics, long-term opioid consumption, and systemic health remains heavily debated. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy of current pharmacological, rehabilitative, and interventional management strategies for PSPS-T2, integrating historical functional paradigms with cutting-edge 2024-2026 neuromodulatory, investigational molecular, and massive real-world cohort evidence. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to April 15, 2026. Screening and extraction were performed independently by two reviewers with a third-party tie-breaker. A total of 1,452 records were screened. After rigorous selection, 100 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 24 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and high-quality cohort studies were utilized for design-adjusted quantitative meta-analysis. Primary outcomes included pain intensity (using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) or Visual Analog Scale (VAS)) and functional disability (using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)). Secondary outcomes assessed long-term opioid therapy (LOT) reduction and psychological morbidity. Network meta-analysis data confirmed that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) combined with conventional medical management (CMM) is significantly superior to CMM alone (OR: 10.32, 95% CI 6.10-15.45, I
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.