Evidence mapPaperPMID 42232549Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2026

Association between infertility and thyroid cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Xianli Qiao, Xiangyang Tian, Wenya Zhou, Zemin Qin, Junyan Yu

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xianli QiaoDepartment of Oncology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
Xiangyang TianDepartment of Oncology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
Wenya ZhouDepartment of Oncology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
Zemin QinDepartment of Oncology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
Junyan YuDepartment of Oncology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Epidemiologic evidence on the association between infertility and thyroid cancer risk remains inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize available observational evidence and quantify this association. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to February 10, 2026, to identify observational studies evaluating the association between infertility and thyroid cancer risk. Eligible cohort and case-control studies reporting relative effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were included. Summary risk estimates were pooled using random-effects models. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including seven cohort studies and two case-control studies, comprising a total of 4,563,090 participants. In the pooled analysis, infertility was associated with a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer (relative risk [RR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15-1.63), with substantial heterogeneity across studies ( Conclusions: This study suggests that infertility is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Although substantial heterogeneity was observed, the association remained consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses. However, further well-designed research is needed to verify and clarify this association and its underlying mechanisms.

Indexed as

infertilitymeta-analysisrisk factorssystematic reviewthyroid cancer

Identifiers

PMID42232549
PMCPMC13222791

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.