Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42233255›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Outcome-specific risk factors challenge universal dementia prevention priorities: Findings from the Egyptian Dementia Network Registry.

Shimaa A Heikal, Eman M Khedr, Gharib Fawi, Mai Othman, Nesma G Elsheikh, Heba M Tawfik, Hany I Hassanin, Sara ElFarrash, Samer Salama, Eman M Ali and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Shimaa A HeikalInstitute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-1863
Eman M KhedrNeuropsychiatry Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Gharib FawiNeurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
Mai OthmanInstitute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
Nesma G ElsheikhGeriatric Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Heba M TawfikGeriatric Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Hany I HassaninGeriatric Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sara ElFarrashMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, and Medical Experimental Research Centre (MERC), Mansoura, Egypt.
Samer SalamaNeurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Eman M AliCommunity Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Amna IbrahimNeurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Ahmed QayatyNeurology Department, Beni-Suef Health Insurance Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Sara A MoustafaInstitute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed SalamaInstitute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

American University 2022Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative (DAC) DAC-GC-22240710.01EPFL Excellence in Africa Initiative
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDementia prevention targets modifiable factors from high-income cohorts, but most studies conflate dementia status and cognitive performance, distinct outcomes with potentially different outcomes. This distinction is critical to disentangle in resource-constrained low- and middle-income countries, where resource prioritization requires context-specific evidence.

methodsCross-sectional analysis of 660 adults with dementia/mild cognitive impairment from the Egyptian Dementia Network registry (2022 to 2025). Parallel logistic/linear regression models identified factors associated with dementia status versus continuous Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, comparing determinants across outcomes.

resultsThe mean age of participants was 68 years, 51% were male, and 81% had a primary education. Multivariable models showed only college education (odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10 to 0.86) and social inactivity (OR 3.00, 95% CI: 1.27 to 7.08) associated with dementia status. Eight factors (age, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, family history, apolipoprotein ε4, body mass index, and sex; all p < 0.05) strongly predicted MMSE but not diagnosis. DISCUSSION: Dementia diagnosis and cognitive performance show mechanistically distinct cross-sectional associations. LMICs should prioritize education/social engagement for dementia prevention, framing vascular-metabolic management as cognitive maintenance.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionDementiaAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesEgyptFemaleHumansMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsMiddle AgedRegistriesRisk Factorscognitive performancecognitive reservedementiaEgyptlow‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs)risk factorssocial determinants

Identifiers

PMID42233255
PMCPMC13239891

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.