ReviewInternational journal of emergency medicine2026
Risk communication in mass gatherings: a scoping review.
Review in International journal of emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMass gatherings entail unique crowd behavioral, health and safety risks for participants; however, risk perception can vary widely, and factors that influence perception of risk are not completely understood. Mass gathering organizers must take into consideration recognition, mitigation, monitoring, and communication of risk. This scoping review aims to (1) examine key factors affecting public perceptions of risk in mass gatherings and; (2) identify contemporary risk communication strategies specific to these events.
methodsWe conducted a scoping review of articles indexed in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO published between 1990 and 2024. Eligible articles included peer-reviewed original research (qualitative and quantitative), case studies, commentaries, reviews, and book chapters that discussed either factors influencing public risk perception of mass gatherings or strategies for mass gathering risk communication. Title and abstract screening, full article review, and data extraction were performed independently by team members. Final article inclusion was determined by team consensus, and findings were analyzed using thematic content analysis.
resultsA total of 29 articles were included. Of these, four articles addressed factors shaping public risk perception of mass gatherings, 14 articles addressed risk communication strategies, and 11 articles addressed both. Factors influencing risk perception include mass gathering risk education, nature of the crowd, overcrowding, as well as event and venue specific characteristics. Risk communication strategies for mass gatherings thematically highlighted- communications flow, timing and content of messaging and differing modalities such as digital media, physical media and in-person communication.
conclusionsUnderstanding factors affecting risk perception of mass gatherings can inform risk communication strategies tailored for different target participants. While a variety of risk communication approaches have been employed in differing contexts, gaps remain in determining effectiveness of the wide range of risk communication strategies used for mass gatherings and suggest future directions for risk communication research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.