Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42237221›Full record

Trial reportBMC nephrology2026

Haemodynamic effects of low versus high dialysate temperature in haemodialysis patients: a single-blinded, randomised, cross-over study.

Ina Ejsing Hunnerup Jørgensen, Jonas Schandorph Kaalund Jensen, Niels Henrik Buus, Jens Dam Jensen, Christian Daugaard Peters

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05052151 (Hemodynamic Effects of Low vs. High Dialysate Temperature or Bicarbonate Concentration in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05052151 nacompletednot on this map

Hemodynamic Effects of Low vs. High Dialysate Temperature or Bicarbonate Concentration in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of AarhusRan2021 to 2022Enrolled16ConditionsEnd Stage Renal Disease on DialysisArmsLow dialysate temperature, High dialysate temperature, Low dialysate bicarbonate concentration, High dialysate bicarbonate concentration
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ina Ejsing Hunnerup JørgensenDepartment of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. inahunnerup@hotmail.com.
Jonas Schandorph Kaalund JensenDepartment of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Niels Henrik BuusDepartment of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Jens Dam JensenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Christian Daugaard PetersDepartment of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCooling of the dialysate may improve intradialytic haemodynamics. This study compared low dialysate temperature (LDT) of 35 °C with high dialysate temperature (HDT) of 37 °C (standard) in terms of blood pressure (BP), intradialytic haemodynamics, and orthostatic BP.

methodsIn a single-blind, randomised, controlled, crossover study fourteen haemodialysis (HD) patients underwent a 4-h HD session with LDT (35 °C) or HDT (37 °C) separated by a 1- week interval. BP was monitored throughout HD. Intradialytic haemodynamics were assessed with ultrasound dilution technique (Transonic). Orthostatic BP was measured pre- and postHD.

resultsUltrafiltration (mean with 95% confidence interval) was similar (LDT: 2.6(2.3;2.9) vs. HDT: 2.5(2.0;3.1) liters). Arterial line temperature as a marker of body temperature remained stable with LDT but increased with HDT (mean change LDT: 0.0(-0.2;0.1) vs. HDT: 0.4(0.2;0.6)°C) with a mean between intervention difference of -0.4(-0.6;-0.3)°C. BP remained relatively stable on LDT, whereas HDT caused a significantly larger fall in systolic BP. The mean (± SD) fall in intradialytic systolic BP (PreHD vs. lowest intradialytic) was 20.3 ± 10.5 mmHg (HDT) and 9.6 ± 8.8 mmHg (LDT) with a mean between intervention difference of 10.7(3.2; 17.9) mmHg. LDT caused a significantly lower intradialytic heart rate which by the end of dialysis (after 230 min) on average was - 6.6(-13.0;-0.2) beats/min lower than HDT. Overall, the intradialytic hemodynamic response was similar except for a trend towards higher peripheral resistance and central blood volume with LDT. There was a significantly greater fall in orthostatic systolic BP after dialysis compared with preHD, but there was no significant difference between interventions and the frequency of orthostatic hypotension postHD was also similar (HDT: 54% and LDT: 43%; P = 0.57).

conclusionCooler vs. standard dialysate temperature resulted in significantly higher intradialytic BP but had no significant impact on orthostatic BP response postHD.

trial registrationThe study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov where the full study protocol is available (NCT05052151). Registration date was 26/08 2021.

Indexed as

Dialysis SolutionsHemodynamicsKidney Failure, ChronicRenal DialysisAgedBlood PressureCold TemperatureCross-Over StudiesFemaleHot TemperatureHumansMaleMiddle AgedSingle-Blind MethodDialysis SolutionsBlood pressureChronic renal failureDialysisHaemodynamicsTemperature

Identifiers

PMID42237221
PMCPMC13449645

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.