ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026
Time spent at or near V̇O₂max during high-intensity interval training - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Behavioral Domains and Physiological Characteristics in Young Adults: Findings from Integrated Seven-Day Self-Monitoring and Physiological Assessment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) is widely recognised as an effective strategy to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance. Time spent at or near maximal oxygen uptake (tV̇O
objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis examined acute tV̇O₂max responses across various HIIT protocols, aiming to identify configurations with the greatest potential to stimulate training adaptations.
methodsPubMed and Scopus were systematically searched to September 2025 for studies reporting tV̇O₂max during HIIT, defined as time spent at or above ≥ 80% V̇O₂max. Associations between protocol characteristics and tV̇O₂max were evaluated using ANCOVAs and linear mixed-effects models, while random-effects meta-analyses compared standardised mean differences (SMDs) across HIIT configurations, recovery modalities (active vs passive), and exercise intensity distributions in work intervals.
resultsThe literature search yielded 86 unique articles, in which tV̇O
conclusionstV̇O₂max exhibits considerable variability, and its dose-response relationship with long-term adaptations requires further investigation. Nevertheless, HIIT protocols with longer and variable-intensity work intervals maximise tV̇O₂max, providing researchers, practitioners, and athletes with a firmer foundation for understanding how specific protocols shape the physiological demands and adaptive potential of a workout.
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