Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42237415›Full record

ArticleMicrobial biotechnology2026

A Modular Design of a Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Scaffolded Sub-Virion Nanoparticle Vaccine Against West Nile Virus.

Hyun Byun, Tae Hoon Kim, Jemin Sung, Jung-Min Lee, Sang-Mu Shim, Sin Hae Kang, Hanul Kang, Dah Hyun Moon, Seong Hyun Park, Doda Kim and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbial biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Hyun ByunDepartment of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Tae Hoon KimThe Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5638-6202
Jemin SungDepartment of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Jung-Min LeeDivision of Acute Viral Diseases, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea.
Sang-Mu ShimDivision of Acute Viral Diseases, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea.
Sin Hae KangThe Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
Hanul KangThe Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
Dah Hyun MoonThe Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
Seong Hyun ParkGraduate Program in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Doda KimThe Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
Sung Jae KimVaxdigm Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.
Seunghoo KimVaxdigm Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.
Gyoonhee HanDepartment of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Baik Lin SeongDepartment of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-082X

Funding

Ministry of Health and Welfare HV22C0259
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although veterinary vaccines against West Nile virus (WNV) have been developed, no approved human vaccine is currently available, highlighting the need for scalable and safer WNV vaccine candidates. In this study, a recombinant WNV subunit nanoparticle vaccine was developed by displaying the envelope protein domain III (ED3) on a cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) pentameric scaffold. The resulting recombinant protein comprising CTB-ED3 was expressed predominantly as soluble nanoparticles in Escherichia coli. Immunized mice produced strong humoral responses with balanced IgG1/IgG2a ratios, and some constructs achieved neutralizing titres comparable to those elicited by formalin-inactivated WNV. Importantly, no cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses was observed, alleviating potential concerns about ADE. These findings demonstrate that CTB-ED3 is assembled into multimeric nanoparticles in bacteria, offering a cost-effective, scalable, and biosafe platform for developing subunit nanoparticle vaccines against WNV and potentially other flaviviruses.

Indexed as

Cholera ToxinNanoparticlesWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusWest Nile Virus VaccinesAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralEscherichia coliFemaleImmunoglobulin GMiceNanovaccinesProtein Subunit VaccinesRecombinant ProteinsVaccines, SubunitAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCholera ToxinImmunoglobulin GNanovaccinesProtein Subunit VaccinesRecombinant ProteinsVaccines, SubunitVaccines, SyntheticViral Envelope ProteinsWest Nile Virus Vaccinescholera toxin Bcross‐reactivityflavivirussub‐virion nanoparticle

Identifiers

PMID42237415
PMCPMC13269864

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.