ArticleJHLT open2026
Long-term quality of life and functional outcomes in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors.
Article in JHLT open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an increasingly vital intervention for patients with severe cardiac and respiratory failure, significantly improving short-term survival rates. However, there is growing recognition of the importance of long-term outcomes, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL), functional recovery, and psychological well-being. This narrative review synthesizes clinical studies, systematic reviews, and cohort analyses from the past 20 years using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on adult ECMO survivors. Studies consistently demonstrate that although many survivors achieve functional independence, a significant proportion experience persistent limitation. Common long-term sequelae include reduced physical capacity, depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and challenges in social reintegration such as returning into employment. Outcomes vary by ECMO modality: Veno venous (VV) ECMO survivors typically report better HRQoL than those receiving Veno arterial (VA) ECMO, although depression appears more prevalent among VV ECMO survivors. Significant complications including neurological injury, limb ischemia, and bleeding remain major contributors to morbidity, particularly in VA ECMO cohorts. The differences reflect variation in underlying disease and complication burden between the 2 modalities. Rehabilitation strategies emphasizing early physiotherapy, structured discharge planning, and comprehensive long-term follow-up are associated with improved functional and psychosocial outcomes. Despite rising survival, existing literature reveals considerable heterogeneity, a lack of standardized outcome measures, and limited prospective multicenter data. Future research should focus on innovations in ECMO circuit design, safer anticoagulation protocols, and the development of standardized rehabilitation pathways. Incorporating long-term functional, psychological, and social outcomes into ECMO care paradigms, is essential to move beyond survival towards meaningful recovery, ultimately optimizing quality of life for ECMO survivors.
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