Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42238212›Full record

SynthesisSaudi medical journal2026

Contribution of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to Body Defense and Healing in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Hasrah Junaidi, Annis C Adi, Soedarsono, Soetjipto, Chatarina U Wahyuni, Fariani Syahrul, Mahmudah M Kes, Zakiyuddin S Km, Iskandar Arfan, Abdullah A Mamun and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Saudi medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hasrah JunaidiDoctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-1958-2333
Annis C AdiDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
SoedarsonoSub-pulmonology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
SoetjiptoDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Chatarina U WahyuniDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Fariani SyahrulDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Mahmudah M KesDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Zakiyuddin S KmFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Teuku Umar, Aceh 23617, Indonesia.
Iskandar ArfanDoctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Abdullah A MamunDoctorate Degree Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Rubia SariRumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cut Nyak Dhien Meulaboh, Aceh 23611, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To examine the contribution of IL-6 to host defense and healing in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Pulmonary tuberculosis continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with disease outcomes determined by complex host-pathogen interactions. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, has been implicated in immune regulation and tissue recovery during TB, but its specific role is not fully established. This review aimed to examine the contribution of IL-6 to host defense and healing in pulmonary TB. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Medline following PRISMA guidelines, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. Search terms included "pulmonary tuberculosis," "IL-6," "Immune response," and "Healing." Eligible studies were human-based, published in English, and provided full-text access. Data extraction focused on study design, population, IL-6 sample type, and findings related to immune response and healing. Results: Evidence consistently demonstrated IL-6 as a key modulator of TB immunity. IL-6 supports macrophage activation, T-cell differentiation, and granuloma formation, enhancing host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, IL-6 regulates inflammation and promotes tissue repair, contributing to recovery. However, dysregulated or excessive IL-6 activity was linked to heightened inflammation and lung pathology, indicating a dual role in both protection and potential tissue damage. Conclusion: Interleukin-6 is central to immune defense and healing in pulmonary TB, exerting protective effects while requiring precise regulation to prevent pathological outcomes. Future research should clarify underlying mechanisms and explore IL-6-targeted strategies for improved TB treatment.

Indexed as

Interleukin-6Tuberculosis, PulmonaryAnimalsHumansInterleukin-6HealingImmune responseInterleukin-6Pulmonary tuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID42238212
PMCPMC13217645

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.