Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42238432›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Predicting Functional Changes in Down Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Biopsychosocial Determinants of Health.

Ester Jo, Carla Wall, Lindsay K Allen, Naomi Wheeler, Nicole Baumer, Allison D'Aguilar, Timothy P York, George Capone, Colleen Jackson-Cook, Ananda B Amstadter and 1 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ester JoVirginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-6743-7513
Carla WallAssistant Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3449-7193
Lindsay K AllenAssistant Professor, Palm Beach Atlantic University, Department of Counselor Education, West Palm Beach, FL 33401, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0310-9370
Naomi WheelerAssociate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Counseling and Special Education, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0489-5695
Nicole BaumerAssociate Professor, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2170-3058
Allison D'AguilarVirginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
Timothy P YorkAssociate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Cellular, Molecular, and Genetic Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4068-4286
George CaponeAssociate Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3009-3730
Colleen Jackson-CookProfessor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pathology, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3261-909X
Ananda B AmstadterProfessor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6285-9943
Ruth C BrownDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Richmond, VA 23219-1534.ORCID 0000-0001-8614-1645

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Biopsychosocial factors associated with functional changes, including changes in personality, communication, movement, and weight, were evaluated in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Caregivers of individuals with DS (aged ≥12, n = 118) completed an online survey. Elastic net regression with bootstrap resampling assessed 31 candidate predictors. Results: Pandemic-related mental health was most strongly associated with functional changes (β = 0.388). Healthcare access barriers were also reliably selected: inability to access mental health treatment, difficulty affording insurance, difficulty accessing specialists, and residing in a low-income health professional shortage area. The model explained 35.2% of variance. Conclusions: Mental health and healthcare access barriers were biopsychosocial correlates of functional changes for people with DS during COVID-19.

Indexed as

caregiver depressionCOVID-19Down syndromesocial determinants

Identifiers

PMID42238432
PMCPMC13228745

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.