ArticleBasic and clinical neuroscience2025
Neuroprotective Effects of Astaxanthin After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke in Male Rats: The CA1 Hippocampal Region.
Article in Basic and clinical neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic stroke often results in severe neurological impairment, particularly affecting the hippocampal CA1 region, which is highly vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Astaxanthin (ATX), a potent antioxidant carotenoid, exhibits neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ATX on functional, biochemical, and histological outcomes in a focal transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats. Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: Intact, sham, stroke (MCAO), solvent (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), and ATX-treated groups (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally every 12 hours for 3 days post-MCAO). Neurological function (Bederson score), motor coordination (rotarod), spatial learning (Morris water maze [MWM]), and memory retention (passive avoidance learning [PAL] using shuttle box) were assessed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]-10, IL-1β), cerebral edema, and hippocampal CA1 histology were analyzed. Results: Low (25 mg/kg) and medium (50 mg/kg) ATX doses significantly improved neurological and functional performance compared with untreated MCAO rats (P<0.01). These doses increased IL-10, reduced IL-1β levels, decreased brain water content, and preserved neuronal morphology in the CA1 region. Conversely, the high dose (100 mg/kg) conferred no significant benefits. Histopathology confirmed reduced neuronal damage and apoptosis at effective doses. Conclusion: Post-ischemic ATX administration provides neuroprotection in a rat MCAO model, with 25-50 mg/kg yielding optimal outcomes. The observed inverted dose-response underscores the importance of precise dosing and timing. ATX represents a promising therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke pending further translational studies.
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