Evidence mapPaperPMID 42242012Full record

ArticleInternational dental journal2026

A Longitudinal Study of Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral Bacterial Isolates From Periodontitis Patients in Taiwan.

Jung-Chang Kung, Chern-Hsiung Lai, Ping-Ho Chen, Ting-Hsun Lan, Chi-Jen Shih, Da-You Yan, Li-Ting Kao, Wei-Te Yang, Bao Shiuan Tseng, Tsung-Ying Yang

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Article in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jung-Chang KungSchool of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Anaerobic and Oral Microorganism Research Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chern-Hsiung LaiAnaerobic and Oral Microorganism Research Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Ping-Ho ChenSchool of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Office of Research and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Ting-Hsun LanSchool of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Chi-Jen ShihDrug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Da-You YanDivision of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Li-Ting KaoOrthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Wei-Te YangSchool of Chinese Medicine & Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Bao Shiuan TsengInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Tsung-Ying YangInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory and Regenerative Medicine, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: zegmayang@mmu.edu.tw.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND

aimsThe oral cavity harbours a complex microbial ecosystem that plays a critical role in periodontal health and disease. Despite growing concerns over antimicrobial resistance (AMR), long-term surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility in oral bacteria remains limited. This study aimed to assess the temporal trends in AMR among oral bacteria isolated from periodontitis patients in Taiwan over a 14-year period, with emphasis on genus-specific, Gram-specific, and sex-related patterns.

methodsA total of 980 bacterial isolates were obtained from 466 periodontitis patients between 2008 and 2021. E-strip testing was performed for six antibiotics: amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, minocycline, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Susceptibility data were analysed by year and bacterial genus.

resultsPolymicrobial infections were predominant (98.1%), and resistance rates increased significantly over time, particularly for metronidazole (from 37.8% to 90.9%) and ciprofloxacin (from 33.1% to 51.5%). Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Capnocytophaga were more prevalent in females, while Neisseria, Fusobacterium, and Pseudomonas were more common in males. High resistance rates were observed in Neisseria, Escherichia, and Staphylococcus, with over 80% of some isolates resistant to multiple agents.

conclusionOur findings reveal a progressive rise in AMR among oral bacteria and highlight the need for localized antibiotic stewardship in dentistry. This is the first long-term oral AMR surveillance study in Taiwan and offers a foundation for updating empirical treatment guidelines and informing public health policy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides long-term, real-world AMR data for oral bacteria in Taiwan. The findings support more informed antibiotic selection in periodontal therapy and highlight the need to re-evaluate empirical use of metronidazole and fluoroquinolones in routine dental practice.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialMouthPeriodontitisAdultAgedFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMetronidazoleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedTaiwanAnti-Bacterial AgentsMetronidazoleAntibiotic stewardshipAntibiotic susceptibilityAntimicrobial resistanceDentistryOral microbiotaPeriodontitis

Identifiers

PMID42242012
PMCPMC13265654

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.