ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
Socioeconomic disparities and health-related parenting practices in shaping early infant neurodevelopment: evidence from a Chinese prospective birth cohort.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have comprehensively examined, within the same population, the roles of both prenatal and postnatal factors in the association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and early infant neurodevelopment.
methodsFour thousand seven hundred ninety-one singleton live births from November 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, were included. Family SES was classified as low or high using latent class analysis of family income, parental education, and occupation. Prenatal maternal psychological status, pregnancy complications, and birth outcomes were classified as favorable or unfavorable. Health-related parenting practices was scored based on breastfeeding duration (≥ 6 months), sleep duration (12-16 h/day), outdoor activity (≥ 0.5 h/day), and screen time (none), with each factor scored as 0 or 1 (higher scores indicating healthier parenting practices). Infant neurodevelopment at 1 year was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) screening test, across five domains: cognition, receptive communication, expressive communication, fine motor, and gross motor. Each domain was categorized as either competent or 'emerging or at risk'.
resultsLow family SES was associated with a higher risk of being classified as 'emerging or at risk' in receptive communication after adjusting for covariates (risk ratio [RR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.62; P<.001), with health-related parenting practices partially mediating this association (mediated proportion, 6.3% (0.9% to 14.1%)).In infants from high-SES families, 0-2 health-related parenting practices scores exerted a more pronounced effect, accounting for nearly one-third of cases (attributable risk percentage, 30.97%). Joint analysis showed infants from low-SES families with 0-2 health-related parenting practices scores had the highest risk compared with infants from high-SES families with 3-4 health-related parenting practices scores (RR, 1.73; 95%CI, 1.41-2.12; P<.001).
conclusionsHealth-related parenting practices partially mediated the relationship between family SES and early infant neurodevelopment, suggesting that while improving health-related parenting practices may reduce disparities, additional strategies are required to address the elevated risk of receptive communication delays among infants from low-SES families. Additionally, unhealthy parenting practices were associated with a higher risk of neurodevelopmental delay even in high-SES families, underscoring the universal importance of early parenting interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.