Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42244465›Full record

ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Clinical Implications and Research Progress of Salivary Biomarkers for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.

Chuyan Yu, Jiaying Ni, Qian Dou, Hang Su, Ziyi Zhang, Xiaojing Ma, Qing Dai, Jian Zhou

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chuyan YuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jiaying NiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Qian DouSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hang SuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Ziyi ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Xiaojing MaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-161X
Qing DaiSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1750-0867
Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-2279

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities YG2025ZD10Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0532000Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0532001Shanghai Leading Talent Program of Eastern Talent Plan LJ2024121
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsSimilar to blood, saliva contains a broad range of biomarkers and may offer a non-invasive, repeatable specimen for endocrine and metabolic assessment. This review aims to synthesise and evaluate recent advances in the clinical translation of salivary biomarkers, while providing a critical assessment of the diagnostic reliability and clinical potential of key salivary biomarkers. MATERIALS AND

methodsPubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect were searched for English-language articles published up to July 2025, with emphasis on studies from 2020 to 2025. We included articles with a focus on the clinical translation of salivary biomarkers for endocrine and metabolic disorders. The relevant studies on the physiology underlying the synthesis and transport of salivary biomarkers were also identified.

resultsLate-night salivary cortisol is the most clinically established marker and is guideline-endorsed for Cushing's syndrome, while salivary cortisone may improve the diagnostic accuracy. Salivary glycaemic biomarkers, such as glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, fructosamine, glycated albumin and α-amylase, show potential for diabetes screening or monitoring. Salivary uric acid, inflammatory factors and adipokines may reflect hyperuricaemia, obesity and metabolic inflammation. However, most biomarkers remain exploratory and their clinical translation is limited by inconsistent collection procedures, oral disease, medication effects and analytical platforms.

conclusionsSalivary biomarkers offer a promising non-invasive approach for assessment of endocrine and metabolic disorders. Standardised procedures and large-scale multicentre validation are needed to define reliable clinical cutoffs and perform comparisons with blood-based reference standards. Applications for machine learning and wearable sensing technology can further promote clinical translation.

Indexed as

BiomarkersEndocrine System DiseasesMetabolic DiseasesSalivaHumansBiomarkersCushing's syndromediabetesdiagnosticshyperuricemiaobesitysalivary biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID42244465
PMCPMC13341378

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.