Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42245159›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026

Association between parenting styles and weight-for-length z scores among infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months in China: a cross-sectional study.

Jing Sun, Min Yu, Haiyan He, Min Zhu, Anhui Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jing SunDepartment of Child Health Care, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Wuhu, China.
Min YuDepartment of Child Health Care, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Wuhu, China.
Haiyan HeDepartment of Child Health Care, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Wuhu, China.
Min ZhuDepartment of Child Health Care, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Wuhu, China.
Anhui ZhangDepartment of Child Health Care, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Wuhu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To explore the association between parenting styles among parents of infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months in China, and weight-for-length z scores (WFL-Z). Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 1,164 eligible infants and toddlers (0-36 months) from July 2023 to March 2024 in China; 1,128 were included in the final analysis. Five parenting styles (indulgent, authoritative, inconsistent, authoritarian, permissive) were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. WFL-Z was calculated based on WHO growth standards. Multivariable linear regression models with progressive adjustment were applied, along with sex-stratified, age-stratified, and sensitivity analyses. Results: No statistically significant association was observed between parenting styles and WFL-Z in the primary analysis. Authoritative parenting was not significantly associated with WFL-Z ( Conclusion: This study did not find robust evidence supporting an association between parenting styles and WFL-Z in early childhood. Findings from sensitivity and subgroup analyses were small in magnitude. Further longitudinal studies incorporating feeding-specific behaviors are needed to clarify potential relationships.

Indexed as

authoritative parentingcross-sectional studyinfants and toddlersparenting stylesweight-for-length z scores

Identifiers

PMID42245159
PMCPMC13229880

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.