ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Association between parenting styles and weight-for-length z scores among infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months in China: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between parenting styles among parents of infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months in China, and weight-for-length z scores (WFL-Z). Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 1,164 eligible infants and toddlers (0-36 months) from July 2023 to March 2024 in China; 1,128 were included in the final analysis. Five parenting styles (indulgent, authoritative, inconsistent, authoritarian, permissive) were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. WFL-Z was calculated based on WHO growth standards. Multivariable linear regression models with progressive adjustment were applied, along with sex-stratified, age-stratified, and sensitivity analyses. Results: No statistically significant association was observed between parenting styles and WFL-Z in the primary analysis. Authoritative parenting was not significantly associated with WFL-Z ( Conclusion: This study did not find robust evidence supporting an association between parenting styles and WFL-Z in early childhood. Findings from sensitivity and subgroup analyses were small in magnitude. Further longitudinal studies incorporating feeding-specific behaviors are needed to clarify potential relationships.
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