Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42245225›Full record

ReviewEngineering microbiology2026

Engineering host‑defense peptides enhanced by artificial intelligence and nano delivery systems to overcome biofilms and antimicrobial resistance.

Raman Krishnamoorthi, Muthuramalingam Kaviyadharshini, Pambayan Ulagan Mahalingam, Moovendran Srinivash, Pitchaimuthu Rajkannan, Mohan Keerthivsan, Paulraj Suganya, Arokia Vijaya Anand Mariadoss

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Engineering microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Raman KrishnamoorthiPharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Muthuramalingam KaviyadharshiniPharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Pambayan Ulagan MahalingamDepartment of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Dindigul 624302, Tamil Nadu, India.
Moovendran SrinivashUPASI Tea Research Foundation, Reginal Centre, Coonoor, 643101 The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pitchaimuthu RajkannanDepartment of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Dindigul 624302, Tamil Nadu, India.
Mohan KeerthivsanBiocon biologics limited, Electronic City, hosur road, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India.
Paulraj SuganyaDepartment of Biotechnology, Sri Kaliswari College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu 626123, India.
Arokia Vijaya Anand MariadossDepartment of Biological and Chemical Science, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati 517102, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infections caused by bacteria pose a risk to humanity as drugs become increasingly ineffective as resistance to bacterial strains emerge along with biofilm and persister formation. This review critically evaluates host defense peptides, rational design strategies that have guided next-generation antimicrobial peptide (AMP) discovery, and their current limitations. We also highlight optimization approaches including sequence engineering and chemical modification, synergistic combinations of antibiotics or adjuvants, and nanoscale delivery platforms that enhance stability, targeted delivery, and biofilm penetration. We also discuss the key chemical properties, delivery kinetics, and stimuli-responsive drug delivery for antibacterial and antibiofilm actions as well as the toxic effects of organic- and inorganic-based AMP delivery platforms. This underlines the importance of diverse modification techniques and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted designs to improve the antibacterial activity, stability, and biocompatibility of AMPs. This study examines the latest advances in the combination of AMPs with drug delivery systems to improve clinical outcomes. Finally, the review discusses the clinical status, research gaps, current obstacles, and prospects of AMPs in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) therapy, offering key findings for the development of innovative AMPs with significant antibacterial activity, stability, and safety for AMR treatment.

Indexed as

Antimicrobial peptidesBacterial infectionsDrug delivery

Identifiers

PMID42245225
PMCPMC13231081

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.