ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Cytokine and chemokine networks in colorectal cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Fecal metagenomic profiling in patients with colorectal adenomas to characterize gut microbial composition and functional potential.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a central driver of colorectal cancer initiation and progression, with cytokines and chemokines orchestrating key tumor-promoting processes within the tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory mediators-including CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL1, CCL20, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β-contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, immune modulation, and therapeutic resistance. Chemokines regulate immune cell recruitment and stromal remodeling, thereby shaping tumor-immune interactions and influencing disease outcome. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 activate NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways, promoting cell survival, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). IL-8 enhances angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration, while CCL20 and its related signaling networks support cancer stemness and metastatic dissemination. In contrast, TGF-β exhibits context-dependent dual functions, acting as a tumor suppressor in early stages but promoting immune evasion, EMT, and metastasis in advanced disease. This review summarizes the roles of cytokines and chemokines in colorectal cancer progression and highlights their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. A deeper understanding of cytokine-mediated signaling networks may provide new opportunities for precision therapy and improved clinical outcomes.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.