Trial reportBMC complementary medicine and therapies2026
The effect of stress ball use on stress, sleep quality, and comfort in individuals receiving hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06835998 (The Effect of Stress Ball Use on Stress, Sleep Quality, and Comfort Levels in Hemodialysis Patients), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Stress Ball Use on Stress, Sleep Quality, and Comfort Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHemodialysis often leads to various physiological, psychological, and social challenges for individuals receiving this treatment. This study was conducted to determine the effects of stress ball use on stress, sleep quality, and comfort levels in individuals receiving hemodialysis.
methodsThis single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 57 patients (28 experimental, 29 control) receiving treatment at a hemodialysis unit in western Türkiye between February and April 2024. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method from the eligible patient population. The stress ball intervention was administered three times weekly during hemodialysis sessions for 15 min each session, totaling 12 sessions. The control group received standard hemodialysis treatment and nursing care. The study data were collected using a Patient Assessment Form, the Perceived Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Hemodialysis Comfort Scale Version II.
resultsThere was no significant difference in pre-test PSS scores between the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05), whereas post-test scores were significantly lower in the experimental group (p < 0.05). For the PSQI, pre-test scores differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in post-test scores (p > 0.05). Within-group analysis showed a significant decrease in the experimental group (p < 0.05), while no change was observed in the control group (p > 0.05). ANCOVA confirmed that adjusted post-test PSQI scores were lower in the experimental group (p < 0.05), indicating improved sleep quality. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in HDCS-II total or subscale scores at either measurement point (p > 0.05). CONSLUSION: This study shows that the use of stress balls reduces the perceived stress levels of individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment while enhancing their sleep quality and comfort levels.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06835998). The date of registration is 2025-02-19 (Retrospectively registered).
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