Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42249583›Full record

ArticleESC heart failure2026

Global trend and predictors of non-labelled sacubitril-valsartan dosing: results from IKNOW-HF survey.

Israa Fadhil Yaseen, Hasan Ali Farhan, Justin Paul Gnanaraj, Hidehira Fukaya, Hawani Sasmaya Prameswari, Clara Saldarriaga, Tuğba Kemaloğlu Öz, Somaya Aref Elhout, Pablo Díez-Villanueva, Maria Rosa Costanzo and 6 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in ESC heart failure, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Israa Fadhil YaseenBaghdad Heart Center, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID 0000-0002-3575-7359
Hasan Ali FarhanBaghdad Heart Center, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID 0000-0002-6061-4966
Justin Paul GnanarajInstitute of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Parktown, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India.ORCID 0000-0002-8588-5594
Hidehira FukayaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-7588-554X
Hawani Sasmaya PrameswariCardiovascular Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0001-6409-3646
Clara SaldarriagaCardio VID Clinic, Medellin, Colombia.ORCID 0000-0002-5945-1127
Tuğba Kemaloğlu ÖzFlinders Medical School, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1168-8237
Somaya Aref ElhoutCardiology Department, Al-Shifaa Medical Complex, Gaza, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0001-9616-5691
Pablo Díez-VillanuevaDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7661-651X
Maria Rosa CostanzoMidwest Cardiovascular Institute, Naperville, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6995-7538
Mustafa TomaDivision of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Nafisa Omar Elsammani Elsheikh IbrahimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.ORCID 0009-0005-9537-5247
Zainab Atiyah DakhilCardiology Department, Ibn Al-Bitar Cardiac Centre, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID 0000-0001-7102-522X
Nathan MewtonInstitut de Cardiologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France.ORCID 0000-0002-4526-8129
Wilfried MullensDepartment of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-9995-8590
IKNOW-HF investigators Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsOptimizing guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) remains vital for heart failure (HF) management. However, non-labelled dosing of sacubitril-valsartan is increasingly reported.This global survey characterized real-world sacubitril-valsartan prescribing patterns and evaluated pharmacist involvement in HF teams.

methodsThe validated 26-item IKNOW-HF survey was disseminated globally to clinicians treating patients with HF. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.

resultsOut of 1829 responses from 76 countries, 1285 (70.3%) were complete, predominantly from cardiologists 1031 (80.2%). Non-labelled sacubitril-valsartan dosing was reported by 1107 (86.1%) respondents, heavily driven by general cardiologists 326 (90%) and clinicians in the low- and lower-middle-income countries 195 (96%). Predictors of non-labelled dosing included practicing in Asia [odds ratio (OR) 0.347; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.214-0.563)] and having over 10 years of experience [OR 0.695; 95% CI (0.489-0.990)]. The presence of a cardiology pharmacist trended towards a fewer non-labelled prescriptions [OR 0.542; 95% CI (0.283-1.039), P-value = 0.065], whereas management by HF specialist trended towards increased non-labelled usage [OR 1.443; 95% CI (0.981-2.122), P-value = 0.063].

conclusionsThe IKNOW-HF survey reveals a substantial variation between guideline-recommended and real-world prescribing practices, with over 80% of responding clinicians utilizing non-labelled dosing. The higher prevalence among HF specialists likely reflects a pragmatic salvage strategy for advanced HF patients intolerant to standard target doses. These findings highlight the need for further education, pragmatic clinical trials evaluating real-world dosing outcomes, and broader integration of specialized pharmacists to optimize GDMT.

Indexed as

AminobutyratesAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsHeart FailurePractice Patterns, Physicians'TetrazolesValsartanBiphenyl CompoundsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug CombinationsDrug LabelingFemaleGlobal HealthHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesAminobutyratesAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsBiphenyl CompoundsDrug Combinationssacubitril and valsartan sodium hydrate drug combinationTetrazolesValsartanAngiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitorGuideline-directed medical therapyHeart failure

Identifiers

PMID42249583
PMCPMC13282903

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.