Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42251202›Full record

Trial reportDiabetologia2026

Time-restricted eating versus dietetic guidance on glycaemic outcomes in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial.

Evelyn B Parr, Rasha Charrouf, Amy T Hutchison, Steve A Flint, Xiao Tong Teong, Andrew D Vincent, Ana Paula Bravo-Garcia, Zoe Siviour, Gary A Wittert, Leah Brennan and 3 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter StudyEquivalence Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04762251 (What Or When to Eat to Reduce the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04762251 nacompletednot on this map

What Or When to Eat to Reduce the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (WOW)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of AdelaideRan2021 to 2024Enrolled247ConditionsTime-restricted Eating, Diet QualityArmsTime-restricted eating, Current Best Practice
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Evelyn B ParrCentre for Human Metabolism and Performance, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-6381
Rasha CharroufSchool of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0235-9087
Amy T HutchisonSchool of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-4552
Steve A FlintCentre for Human Metabolism and Performance, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Xiao Tong TeongSchool of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-0975
Andrew D VincentSchool of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-1070
Ana Paula Bravo-GarciaCentre for Human Metabolism and Performance, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1561-1970
Zoe SiviourCentre for Human Metabolism and Performance, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-9979
Gary A WittertSchool of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-6065
Leah BrennanSchool of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-5888
Brooke L DevlinSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9317-2351
John A HawleyCentre for Human Metabolism and Performance, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. john.hawley@acu.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-9881
Leonie K HeilbronnSchool of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Leonie.Heilbronn@adelaide.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-7303

Funding

Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund MRFF#1200555
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisTime-restricted eating (TRE) consolidates daily energy intake to a consistent 6-10 h window. The aim was to assess whether TRE is non-inferior to individualised dietetic guidance (IDG) in changing HbA

methodsIn a two-arm, parallel-group, multi-centre randomised, non-inferiority clinical trial at two Australian clinical research institutes, adults at risk of type 2 diabetes (i.e. with overweight or obesity and a score of ≥15 on the Australian type 2 diabetes risk assessment tool) were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned using an electronic system (1:1) to TRE (9 h, self-selected eating window, last eating occasion by 19:00 hours) or IDG. Staff conducting assessments and analyses were blinded to allocation; participants and dietitians were unblinded. Both groups received five personalised telehealth consultations between 0 and 3 months (3 h total), specific to their allocated group. The primary outcome was the between-group difference for change in HbA

resultsOne hundred and twenty four participants were randomised to TRE and 123 to IDG (mean ± SD HbA CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationTRE may offer a pragmatic and practical short-term alternative when access to dietetic support is limited, or if the approach is preferred by an individual.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04762251

fundingThis research was funded by the Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF 1200555).

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultAgedDieteticsEnergy IntakeFastingFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansIntermittent FastingMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinDietary counsellingHbA1cIntermittent fastingLifestyle interventionNon-inferiorityObesityTelemedicineWeight loss

Identifiers

PMID42251202
PMCPMC13424568

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.