Evidence mapPaperPMID 42252861Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes research2026

Association of FTO rs9939609 Polymorphism With Obesity and Elevated Glycemic Parameters in a Syrian Population: A Case-Control Study.

Lana Wehbi, Shaden Haddad

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Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Lana WehbiDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria, damascusuniversity.edu.sy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8541-4957
Shaden HaddadDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria, damascusuniversity.edu.sy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-5791

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObesity is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with substantial genetic determinants. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 polymorphism has been consistently associated with obesity risk across diverse populations. This case-control study is aimed at investigating FTO rs9939609 and its associations with obesity risk and glycemic parameters in a Syrian population for the first time.

methodsA total of 97 participants (50 obese cases and 47 nonobese controls) were recruited from two university hospitals in Damascus, Syria. Among obese participants, 25 had T2DM, including 11 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP, and associations were assessed using logistic and linear regression analyses.

resultsThe minor allele frequency was significantly higher in obese cases compared to controls (36.0% vs. 20.21%, p = 0.015). Under the dominant genetic model, risk allele carriers exhibited a 3.76-fold increased obesity risk (95% CI: 1.62-8.74, p = 0.002). This association was preserved when the analysis was restricted to nondiabetic obese participants. No significant associations were observed between genotypes and anthropometric parameters within the obese group. Among obese nondiabetic individuals, A-allele carriers showed significantly elevated fasting blood glucose (p = 0.004) and HbA1c levels (p = 0.034) compared to TT homozygotes; these associations remained significant after adjusting for BMI, WC, and WHR in separate models. A pooled analysis of all obese T2DM patients (n = 25) revealed significantly higher HbA1c in A-allele carriers (p = 0.027), with exploratory subgroup analyses suggesting a stronger association in treatment-naïve patients, though these findings require confirmation in larger studies.

conclusionsOur study provides the first evidence that FTO rs9939609 is significantly associated with obesity risk in the Syrian population and may contribute to early glycemic dysregulation in genetically susceptible obese individuals. Subgroup findings warrant validation in larger cohorts.

Indexed as

Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTOBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ObesityPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleGene FrequencyGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSyriaAlpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTOBlood GlucoseFTO protein, humanFTO geneobesitypolymorphismrs9939609SyriaType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42252861
PMCPMC13243868

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.