ArticlePsychological medicine2026
Psychological and behavioral mechanisms linking childhood trauma profiles to voice-related distress in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: latent class, mediation, and conditional process analyses.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChildhood traumas increase the risk of psychosis and voice-hearing. While trauma profiles have been identified in voice-hearers, pathways linking these to voice-related distress remain unclear. This study examined between-group differences in mediation by psychological and behavioral variables in profile-distress associations, with potential moderation by gender.
methodsThis cross-sectional study derived childhood trauma profiles via latent class analysis of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores from 266 voice-hearing Challenge trial participants with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses. Mediation analyses (structural equation modeling with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for indirect effects) tested between-group differences in indirect effects of negative voice content, persecutory beliefs about voices, voice power, voice relating style, negative self/other beliefs, emotion regulation, depression, and sleep disturbances in the association between childhood trauma profiles (exposure) and voice-related distress (outcome), with gender as a moderator. Hypotheses were preregistered on the Open Science Framework. Reporting followed AGReMA-guidelines.
resultsThree childhood trauma profiles were established: (1) 'variable severity' (
conclusionsThis is the first investigation of mediators and moderators of childhood trauma profiles and voice-related distress in clinical voice-hearers. Findings suggest that trauma profiles may provide indicators of mediators potentially relevant to inform individualized formulation and therapy planning.
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