Evidence mapPaperPMID 42253147Full record

ArticlePsychological medicine2026

Psychological and behavioral mechanisms linking childhood trauma profiles to voice-related distress in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: latent class, mediation, and conditional process analyses.

Mads Juul Christensen, Anne Vingaard Olesen, Thomas Ward, Amy Hardy, Jan Mainz, Neil Thomas, Lisa Charlotte Smith, Lise Sandvig Mariegaard, Merete Nordentoft, Louise Birkedal Glenthøj and 1 more

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Article in Psychological medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mads Juul ChristensenDepartment of Psychiatry, North Denmark Region, https://ror.org/02jk5qe80Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2788-5642
Anne Vingaard OlesenResearch Data and Biostatistics, North Denmark Region,Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-8269
Thomas WardDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-5755
Amy HardyDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Jan MainzDepartment of Psychiatry, North Denmark Region, https://ror.org/02jk5qe80Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Neil ThomasCentre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
Lisa Charlotte SmithVIRTU Research Group, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, ,Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5231-7750
Lise Sandvig MariegaardVIRTU Research Group, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, ,Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Denmark.
Merete NordentoftDepartment of Clinical Medicine,University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Louise Birkedal GlenthøjVIRTU Research Group, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, ,Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3621-8450
Ditte Lammers VernalDepartment of Psychiatry, North Denmark Region, https://ror.org/02jk5qe80Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.

Funding

Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond 2096-00012BInnovationsfonden 8088-00023B
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildhood traumas increase the risk of psychosis and voice-hearing. While trauma profiles have been identified in voice-hearers, pathways linking these to voice-related distress remain unclear. This study examined between-group differences in mediation by psychological and behavioral variables in profile-distress associations, with potential moderation by gender.

methodsThis cross-sectional study derived childhood trauma profiles via latent class analysis of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores from 266 voice-hearing Challenge trial participants with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses. Mediation analyses (structural equation modeling with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for indirect effects) tested between-group differences in indirect effects of negative voice content, persecutory beliefs about voices, voice power, voice relating style, negative self/other beliefs, emotion regulation, depression, and sleep disturbances in the association between childhood trauma profiles (exposure) and voice-related distress (outcome), with gender as a moderator. Hypotheses were preregistered on the Open Science Framework. Reporting followed AGReMA-guidelines.

resultsThree childhood trauma profiles were established: (1) 'variable severity' (

conclusionsThis is the first investigation of mediators and moderators of childhood trauma profiles and voice-related distress in clinical voice-hearers. Findings suggest that trauma profiles may provide indicators of mediators potentially relevant to inform individualized formulation and therapy planning.

Indexed as

Adult Survivors of Child Adverse EventsAdverse Childhood ExperiencesHallucinationsPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaAdolescentAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLatent Class AnalysisMaleMediation AnalysisPsychological DistressSchizophrenic Psychologyauditory verbal hallucinationschildhood traumaconditional process analysisdistressing voiceslatent class analysismediation analysispersecutory beliefs about voicesschizophrenia spectrum disorderssleep disturbancestrauma profilestrauma-psychosis linksvoice-hearing

Identifiers

PMID42253147
PMCPMC13247800

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.