Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42254613›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in public health2026

Depression as a prognostic factor for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Madina Kassymzhanova, Kuanysh Shonbay, Olga M Shikhova, Natalya Raspopova, Indira Karibayeva

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Madina KassymzhanovaDepartment of Psychiatry and Narcology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Kuanysh ShonbayHigher School of Psychology, Turan University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Olga M ShikhovaHigher School of Psychology, Turan University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Natalya RaspopovaDepartment of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Indira KaribayevaDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, with annual conversion rates to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or all-cause dementia estimated at 10%-15%. The role of depression as a prognostic factor for dementia progression remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between depression and risk of conversion from MCI to AD and all-cause dementia. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. Eligible studies included adults with MCI, depression assessed by clinical diagnosis or validated scales, and reported hazard ratios (HRs) for progression to dementia. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for unadjusted and adjusted HRs. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. Results: Seventeen studies were included, with follow-up ranging from 6 months to 12 years. In unadjusted analyses, baseline depression was associated with increased risk of progression overall (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.22-2.26); however, heterogeneity across studies was high ( Conclusion: Depression appears to be associated with an increased risk of progression from MCI to dementia; however, the very high heterogeneity and very low certainty of evidence substantially limit confidence in the magnitude and consistency of this association. These findings highlight the importance of depression screening and management in MCI populations. Integrating mental health care into cognitive disorder clinics may improve patient outcomes and potentially delay dementia onset. Systematic Review registration: identifier: CRD420261308245.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionDementiaDepressionDisease ProgressionHumansLongitudinal StudiesPrognosisRisk Factorsall-cause dementiaAlzheimer's disease (AD)cognitive declinedepressionmild cognitive impairmentneuropsychiatric symptomsprognostic factorssystematic review

Identifiers

PMID42254613
PMCPMC13233350

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.