Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42256404›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Comparative maternal-fetal outcomes associated with different antihypertensive treatment strategies in preeclampsia: a retrospective cohort study.

Lin Zhao, Rui Chen, Yahui Xu, Haiying Wu

Abstract read
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Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lin ZhaoDepartment of Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Rui ChenDepartment of Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Yahui XuDepartment of Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Haiying WuDepartment of Obstetrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia seriously threatens maternal and infant health. Antihypertensive therapy is key to improving perinatal outcomes, yet comparative maternal-fetal evidence for oral agents remains limited. Objective: To compare maternal-fetal outcomes of oral labetalol versus oral nifedipine in preeclampsia, informing individualized clinical treatment. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive preeclampsia patients admitted from January 2023 to December 2025, divided into Labetalol (n = 154) and nifedipine (n = 136) groups. Both received magnesium sulfate as needed, plus aspirin or low-molecular-weight heparin based on platelet count and coagulation function. After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), maternal and fetal outcomes were compared. Primary outcomes were maternal complications and neonatal outcomes. Secondary outcomes included uterine artery blood flow, hemodynamics, fetal growth restriction, and adverse drug reactions. Results: Following PSM, baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both achieved similar improvements in blood pressure, uterine artery blood flow (S/D, PI, RI), and hemodynamic indicators (plasma and whole blood viscosity, hematocrit) (P > 0.05). The Labetalol Group, compared to the nifedipine Group, had significantly lower rates of postpartum hemorrhage (8.8% vs. 17.0%, P = 0.043) and preterm birth (24.6% vs. 37.3%, P = 0.041), and higher neonatal birth weight (2933.95 ± 803.23 g vs. 2541.35 ± 631.41 g, P < 0.001). Conversely, the nifedipine Group experienced higher incidences of headache (16.4% vs. 7.3%, P = 0.037) and facial flushing (13.6% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.019). Multivariate Logistic regression identified maternal age ≥35 years, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, preeclampsia onset at <34 weeks, primiparity, multiple pregnancy, severe preeclampsia, and pre-gestational diabetes as independent risk factors for adverse maternal-fetal outcomes (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both labetalol and nifedipine effectively control blood pressure and improve uteroplacental blood flow and most maternal-fetal outcomes in patients with preeclampsia. Adverse effects (headache and facial flushing) were more commonly observed with nifedipine, whereas labetalol was associated with a lower incidence of preterm birth and postpartum hemorrhage. These findings suggest potential advantages of labetalol in specific outcomes, but causal inferences are limited by the observational study design.

Indexed as

antihypertensive therapylabetalolmaternal-fetal outcomesnifedipinepreeclampsia

Identifiers

PMID42256404
PMCPMC13236639

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.