Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42259563›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Global, regional and national burden of maternal haemorrhage (2000-2021) and projections to 2050 in 204 countries and territories.

Mulat Ayele, Bereket Duko, Tenaw Tiruye, Paul R Ward, Lillian Mwanri, Gavin Pereira, Tegene Atamenta Kitaw, Biruk Beletew Abate, Eyob Shitie Lake, Abebaw Alamrew and 6 more

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Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Mulat AyeleDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia aymulat29@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4244-9100
Bereket DukoResearch Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-0016
Tenaw TiruyeSchool of Public Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Paul R WardSchool of Society and Culture, College of Education, Behavioural and Social Sciences, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5559-9714
Lillian MwanriResearch Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Gavin PereiraCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia.
Tegene Atamenta KitawDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-1249
Biruk Beletew AbateCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0833-2504
Eyob Shitie LakeDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-6076
Abebaw AlamrewDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-6342-9636
Aynalem YetwaleDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1950-9515
Gizachew YilakDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-9699
Befkad Derese TilahunDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6205-1139
Chalie MulugetaDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-9038-7996
Tadele EmagnenehDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8380-0098
Amanuel Tesfay GebremedhinSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2459-1805

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo estimate the global, regional and national burden of maternal haemorrhage (2000-2021) and its 2050 projections in 204 countries and territories.

designThis study systematic analysis of the burden of maternal haemorrhage sourced data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. We estimated the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs) due to maternal haemorrhage. Changes in the burden from 2000 to 2021 were computed using AAPC. To detect statistically notable changes in the trends of maternal haemorrhage metrics between 2000 and 2021, Joinpoint regression analysis using the Joinpoint Regression Programme was conducted. We also projected mortality rates, YLDs and YLLs through to 2050 using maps and trends generated by the GBD Foresight visualisation tool.

resultsGlobally, the incidence of maternal haemorrhage among women aged 15-49 years declined from 881.98 per 100 000 reproductive aged women (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 687.01 to -1150.23) in 2000 to 714.00 (95% UI 556.97 o t908.54) in 2021, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -0.91 (-1.37 to -0.49). Similar downward trends were observed for maternal deaths, DALYs, YLDs and YLLs attributable to maternal haemorrhage, with AAPCs of -3.78 (-4.39 to -3.18), -4.68 (-4.83 to -4.55), -1.21 (-1.54 to -0.89) and -4.80 (-5.10 to -4.52), respectively. Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Western Sub-Saharan Africa, recorded the highest burden in 2021, which is almost 300 times higher than in Western Europe. Elevated rates of mortality, DALYs and YLDs were also evident in Sierra Leone, Chad, Niger, Mali, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Somalia and South Sudan in 2021 and projections for 2050. However, the high-income Asia Pacific region had the lowest incidence, DALYs and YLDs at 151.32 (109.63-203.68), 2.21 (1.72-2.86) and 0.87 (0.46-1.38) per 1 00 000 women, respectively. Australasia recorded the lowest maternal death count and YLLs attributed to maternal haemorrhage at 0.69 (0.50-0.90) and 0.56 (0.41-0.74) per 1 00 000 women, respectively.

conclusionWhile the global burden of maternal haemorrhage has declined over time, significant regional and national inequities persist. Even though the 2050 projections show improvement in the burden of maternal haemorrhage, there is also regional and national variation in the rate of decrease in maternal haemorrhage burden. Targeted, context-specific interventions are urgently needed to reduce maternal haemorrhage-related mortality and morbidity.

Indexed as

Global HealthAdolescentAdultCost of IllnessDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceMaternal MortalityMiddle AgedPregnancyYoung AdultMaternal medicineOBSTETRICSPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42259563
PMCPMC13250221

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.