ArticleArchives of toxicology2026
Mechanistic investigation of the hepatotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of microcystin-LR, -LA, and -RR in the HepaRG cell line model.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are cyanobacterial toxins found in water and food and are suspected to pose significant health risks, particularly to the liver. To gain insight into the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity and the potential carcinogenicity of MCs, this study investigated the effects of MC-LR, -LA, and -RR (congeners differing in cellular uptake and detoxification efficiency) on PP2A activity, cell proliferation, and gene expression profiling focused on toxicity pathways and carcinogenesis in HepaRG cells. The three MCs similarly inhibited PP2A activity; however, only MC-LR and -LA significantly increased cell proliferation. Gene expression profiles (mRNA) revealed strong, similar treatment effects induced by MC-LR and -LA (R2 = 0.66), whereas -RR affected fewer genes, showing weak correlations with the other two congeners (-LRx-RR - R
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