Evidence mapPaperPMID 42260242Full record

ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2026

Physical Exercise as an Adjuvant to Glucocorticoid Therapy: Clinical Recommendations and Evidence Review.

Paula Etayo-Urtasun, Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu, Mikel Izquierdo

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In one paragraph

Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Paula Etayo-UrtasunNavarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
Mikel L Sáez de AsteasuNavarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
Mikel IzquierdoNavarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain. mikel.izquierdo@unavarra.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1506-4272

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucocorticoids are extensively prescribed for managing immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. While clinically effective, prolonged glucocorticoid therapy induces adverse effects that compromise physical function and may attenuate the benefits of exercise interventions. Current exercise guidelines, however, inadequately address the complexities of concurrent glucocorticoid treatment. This narrative review, which includes a systematic review, examines interactions between glucocorticoid therapy and physical exercise, evaluates existing evidence on exercise interventions in glucocorticoid-treated populations, and provides evidence-based exercise recommendations tailored to this clinical population. Glucocorticoid-induced complications-including diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders, hypertension, weight gain, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disturbances-substantially impair exercise capacity, patient engagement, and physiological adaptations to training. After searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 1 January, 2000 to 10 May, 2025 for exercise interventions in glucocorticoid-treated patients, 19 studies were included (18 unique trials; n = 663, predominantly women), mainly involving rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Overall, the methodological quality, as assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool, was rated as moderate to high. Exercise interventions consistently improved muscle performance and functional outcomes, whereas evidence regarding bone, cardiometabolic, cognitive, and mental health outcomes was limited or inconsistent. For optimal exercise prescription in this population, resistance training and aerobic exercise emerge as essential components, complemented by targeted strategies to enhance adherence and ensure safety. Integrating structured exercise as adjuvant therapy in long-term glucocorticoid treatment holds considerable promise for mitigating adverse effects and reducing polypharmacy burden; however, additional research is warranted to establish definitive clinical guidelines.

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.