Trial reportMedicine2026
Comparative effectiveness of progressive moderate- to high-intensity peripheral and inspiratory muscle training combined with aerobic exercise in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to compare the effects of moderate- to high-intensity peripheral and inspiratory muscle training, when combined with aerobic training, on muscle strength, respiratory muscle strength, physical performance, functional capacity, sarcopenia, and quality of life in older adults.
methodsThirty-four community-dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to either the peripheral muscle training (PMT) group (n = 17) or the inspiratory muscle training (IMT) group (n = 17). Participants in the PMT group performed resistance training targeting both the upper and lower extremities at 60 to 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). In contrast, the IMT group engaged in IMT at 60 to 80% of their baseline maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), using a threshold IMT device. Both groups additionally participated in supervised step-aerobic sessions twice weekly for 10 weeks, aiming for 50 to 70% of their individual maximum heart rate. Outcome measures included hand grip strength, MIP, maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the SARC-F questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-OLD). All assessments were conducted at baseline and repeated after completion of the 10-week training program in both groups.
resultsBetween-group comparisons of pre- to post-intervention changes revealed a significant difference in the WHOQOL-OLD death and dying subscale, with greater improvement observed in the IMT group (P = .019, d = 0.185). In the PMT group, significant post-intervention increases were observed in MEP (P = .003, d = 0.876), MEP% (P = .002, d = 0.932), 6-MWT (P = .001, d = 0.974), and the WHOQOL-OLD sensory abilities subscale (P = .035, d = 0.528). In the IMT group, significant improvements were noted in MIP (P = .002, d = 0.788), MIP% (P = .001, d = 1.032), 6-MWT (P = .003, d = 0.889), and the WHOQOL-OLD death and dying subscale (P = .040, d = 0.564).
conclusionThis study demonstrates that moderate- to high-intensity PMT and IMT, when combined with aerobic training, significantly enhances respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults.
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