Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42263245›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Lactation is Associated with Accelerated Postpartum Pelvic Floor Muscle Recovery in a Pregnant Simulated Birth Injury Model.

Bianca L Peña, Khushi M Diwakar, Hillary K Tran, Selena Cao, Celeste E Lintz, Laila N Hayes, Marianna Alperin, Karen L Christman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bianca L PeñaShu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Khushi M DiwakarSanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Hillary K TranShu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Selena CaoShu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Celeste E LintzShu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Laila N HayesShu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Marianna AlperinSanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Karen L ChristmanShu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-898X

Funding

Wisconsin National Primate Research Center SupportP51OD011106 · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2025 to 2025
$9.9M
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering training T32EB009380National Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01 HD092515National Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01 HD102184National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program DGE-2038238NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK128639NIH Office of the Director P51OD011106Research Facilities Improvement Program RR020141-01Research Facilities Improvement Program RR15459-01Wisconsin National Primate Research Center
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Healthy pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) are essential for proper pelvic floor function. The biggest risk factor for PFM dysfunction is injury sustained during vaginal childbirth, yet the factors that facilitate or impair PFM recovery from birth injury remain unknown. We aimed to assess the impact of the postpartum milieu in the presence and absence of lactation on PFM regeneration following simulated birth injury (SBI) in a pregnant rat model. We determined that lactating rats have a rapid increase in systemic immune markers in response to SBI, which contributes to rapid changes in PFM immune cell infiltration and decrease in pro-inflammatory genes. PFMs in lactating rats have enrichment of anti-inflammatory genes and larger newly formed myofibers that contribute to larger myofiber size after weaning. This suggests that lactation promotes an earlier anti-inflammatory response in injured PFMs that allows for quicker myogenesis and myofiber hypertrophy.

Indexed as

birth injurylactationmuscle regenerationpelvic floor musclespostpartumpregnant

Identifiers

PMID42263245
PMCPMC13336909

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.