Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42264150›Full record

SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2026

Sex Differences in Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFA Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-Sectional Comparisons.

Dandan Li, Cherie Shum, Ariel Khoo, Tanya Shi, Miranda R Green, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Tauseef A Khan, Laura Chiavaroli, John L Sievenpiper, Adam H Metherel

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Dandan LiDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Cherie ShumDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ariel KhooDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Tanya ShiDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Miranda R GreenDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sonia Blanco MejiaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Tauseef A KhanDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Laura ChiavaroliDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
John L SievenpiperDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Adam H MetherelDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: adam.metherel@utoronto.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex hormones may regulate the biosynthesis of PUFAs; however, the extent and consistency of sex differences in different lipid pools remain unclear. We aimed to update and synthesize evidence on sex differences in circulating and tissue omega (ω)-3 (n-3) and ω-6 (n-6) PUFA biomarkers in healthy adults with a mean age ≤50 y. We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through to 21 February, 2026, for cross-sectional reports of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels for both sexes in plasma total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters (CE); erythrocyte total lipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine; or adipose tissue. Unadjusted mean differences (MD) between male and female n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. We identified 67 eligible publications, including 85 comparisons from observational studies and clinical trials, yielding a synthesis of 71 PUFA biomarkers. By absolute difference in percentage of total fatty acids, we observed, in males compared with females, higher n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) [MD = 0.19%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10%, 0.27%, P < 0.0001, I

Indexed as

Fatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, Omega-6Sex CharacteristicsAdultBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSex FactorsBiomarkersFatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, Omega-6healthylipidssex differencesystematic review and meta-analysisω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Identifiers

PMID42264150
PMCPMC13332010

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.