SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026
Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes.
Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo determine the precise relationship between the timing of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis and adverse maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND
methodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science and CINAHL from inception to March 5, 2026 were systematically searched for observational studies and post hoc analyses or subanalyses of randomised controlled trials comparing outcomes between early-onset GDM (eGDM) and late-onset GDM (LGDM). The tested outcomes included insulin initiation, caesarean delivery, preterm birth, large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I
resultsThirty-five studies encompassing 105 123 pregnancies met inclusion criteria. eGDM is associated with significantly elevated odds of insulin initiation (OR, 95% CI: 2.26, 1.75-2.91), caesarean delivery (1.16, 1.01-1.33), preterm birth (1.32, 1.05-1.64), LGA (1.29, 1.06-1.58) and NICU admission (1.24, 1.03-1.50). Heterogeneity is substantial (I
conclusionseGDM versus LGDM is associated with higher risks of adverse outcomes, particularly insulin initiation. Gestational age at diagnosis may serve as a key risk stratifier, highlighting the need for risk-stratified approaches rather than universal early surveillance. Future research should prioritise individual-participant data meta-analyses and randomised trials of tailored protocols.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.