Evidence mapPaperPMID 42265645Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Impact of a free medication policy on blood pressure among older patients with hypertension: an interrupted time series analysis.

Jie Pan, Biyun Zheng, Shilin Jiao, Ming Wang, Zhiying Yin, Zhijuan Gan

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jie PanDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Biyun ZhengDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Shilin JiaoDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Ming WangDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Zhiying YinDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China. yzy1815@sohu.com.
Zhijuan GanDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China. ganzhijuan015@163.com.

Funding

Science and Technology Project for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province 2025JK125
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWith the intensification of aging in China, limited medication access and financial burden hinder effective blood pressure management in older adults. In July 2021, Quzhou introduced a policy providing free antihypertensive medications to individuals aged ≥ 65 years. This study aimed to evaluate its impact on long-term blood pressure outcomes.

methodsAn interrupted time series analysis was performed using 28 quarters of longitudinal blood pressure data from 1,310 older patients with primary hypertension (aged ≥ 65 years) in Quzhou. A segmented regression model embedded with quarterly seasonal dummy variables was constructed to adjust for long-term physiological trends and seasonal blood pressure fluctuations. Autocorrelation was diagnosed by Durbin-Watson and Breusch-Godfrey tests, and counterfactual prediction was applied to quantify the net policy effect.

resultsPrior to the policy, DBP showed a slow declining trend (-0.048 mmHg per quarter) while SBP exhibited a significant upward trend (0.275 mmHg per quarter). The policy produced no immediate level change but significantly altered long-term trajectories. Following implementation, the rate of DBP decline accelerated by an additional - 0.062 mmHg per quarter (P = 0.029), whereas SBP trend reversed from an increase to a decrease, resulting in a net change of -0.310 mmHg per quarter (P < 0.001). By the fourth quarter of 2024, actual SBP was 4.4 mmHg lower than the counterfactual scenario without the policy, and DBP was 0.8 mmHg lower. The cumulative policy effects over the entire follow-up period were 6.6 (95%CI: -1.2, 14.3) mmHg for DBP and 32.2 (95%CI: 13.6, 50.8) mmHg for SBP.

conclusionsThe free antihypertensive medication policy in Quzhou is not only a social welfare initiative but also an effective public health intervention with significant clinical benefits. It significantly altered the long-term trajectory of blood pressure among elderly patients by accelerating the decline in diastolic blood pressure and reversing the upward trend in systolic blood pressure.

Indexed as

Antihypertensive AgentsBlood PressureHealth PolicyHypertensionAgedChinaFemaleHumansInterrupted Time Series AnalysisMaleAntihypertensive Agentsblood pressurefree medicationhypertensioninterrupted time series analysis

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.