Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42265980›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes/metabolism research and reviews2026

A Comparison of the Effects of the Timing of Resistance Exercise on Glucose Levels Within the Target Range in People With Type 1 Diabetes (TREX Study): A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Ebaa S Al Ozairi, Yasmine G Hamdan, Ameenah A Al Awadhi, Nourah B Al Otaibi, Aliea H Baqer, Daniel J West, Dennis R Taliping, Jumana A Al Kandari, Stuart R Gray

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05884814 (Timing of Resistance Exercise, Glucose Control and Exercise Adaptations in People With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05884814 naunknown statusnot on this map

Timing of Resistance Exercise, Glucose Control and Exercise Adaptations in People With Type 1 Diabetes: a Randomised-controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorDasman Diabetes InstituteRan2023 to 2024Enrolled54ConditionsType 1 DiabetesArmsMorning exercise, Afternoon exercise, Habitual physical activity levels
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ebaa S Al OzairiClinical Care Research and Trials Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5006-4369
Yasmine G HamdanDAFNE Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Ameenah A Al AwadhiClinical Care Research and Trials Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4333-7319
Nourah B Al OtaibiDAFNE Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Aliea H BaqerDAFNE Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Daniel J WestHuman Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
Dennis R TalipingMedical Fitness Centre, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Jumana A Al KandariDAFNE Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Stuart R GraySchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-9636

Funding

Dasman Diabetes Institute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThe purpose of this paper is to examine the acute and nocturnal glycaemic response to morning fasted, fed or afternoon fed resistance exercise in people with type 1 diabetes.

methodsIn a crossover RCT, people with type 1 diabetes performed three acute bouts of resistance exercise in (1) morning (8 AM-10:30 AM) in a fed state, (2) morning (8 AM-10:30 AM) in a fasted state and (3) afternoon (3-8 PM) in a fed state, with interstitial glucose levels measured 6-h post-exercise and in the nocturnal period (11 PM-6 AM).

resultsIn all participants (n = 66), mean glucose levels were lower in the 6-h period after afternoon fed versus morning fasted resistance exercise (9.46 ± 2.56 vs. 8.65 ± 2.04 mmol/L, P = 0.04), with no other differences noted. In multiple daily injections (MDI), users (n = 47), but not insulin pump users (n = 19), in the 6-h period post-exercise mean glucose levels were higher (9.63 ± 2.58 vs. 8.44 ± 1.93 mmol/L, P = 0.007), time-in-range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) lower (50.9 ± 29.5% vs. 67.0 ± 27.6%, P = 0.007) and time above range (> 10.0 mmol/L) higher (44.4 ± 32.1% vs. 26.3 ± 25.3%, P = 0.003) in morning fasted versus afternoon fed state; no other differences were noted.

conclusionResistance exercise timing and feeding status (fed vs. fasted) independently influence post-exercise glycaemic responses in people with type 1 diabetes. Performing resistance exercise in the afternoon under fed conditions was associated with a more favourable glucose profile, particularly among MDI users. These findings indicate that consideration of both time of day and feeding status is important when optimising resistance exercise prescription in this population.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05884814 (Registered on 10 May 2023).

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Resistance TrainingAdultCross-Over StudiesFastingFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInsulinMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisTime FactorsBlood GlucoseInsulinCGMexercisefastingresistance exercisetype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42265980
PMCPMC13250454

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.