ArticleCureus2026
Relationship of Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D₃ Deficiency With the Occurrence of Preterm Labor.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPreterm labor remains a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in regions where nutritional deficiencies are common. Objective: This study assessed the relationship between maternal vitamin D₃ deficiency and the occurrence of preterm labor. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Central Park Teaching Hospital, Lahore, from December 2023 to December 2024, and included 316 pregnant women. Participants were categorized into a preterm labor group (n = 148) and a term delivery group (n = 168). Serum 25-OH-D₃ levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay and classified as deficient, insufficient, or sufficient. Results: Vitamin D₃ deficiency was highly prevalent (67.1%) and significantly more common in women with preterm labor (80.4%) than those with term deliveries (55.4%) (p < 0.001). Mean serum vitamin D₃ levels were markedly lower in the preterm group (15.8 ± 5.9 ng/mL) compared with the term group (22.4 ± 7.1 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Logistic regression demonstrated that vitamin D₃ deficiency remained an independent predictor of preterm labor (adjusted OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.62-3.89). Additional significant factors included hemoglobin <10 g/dL (aOR = 1.68), sun exposure <30 minutes/day (aOR = 1.74), antenatal visits <4 (aOR = 1.82), and previous preterm birth (aOR = 1.91). Conclusions: Maternal vitamin D₃ deficiency is strongly associated with preterm labor and remains a significant independent predictor even after adjusting for clinical and demographic factors. Given its high prevalence and modifiable nature, routine screening and targeted vitamin D₃ supplementation may help reduce the burden of preterm birth.
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