ArticleNutrition research and practice2026
Associations of higher protein intake with diet quality and diabetes-related metabolic health indicators in Korean adults without diabetes: analysis of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2019-2021.
Article in Nutrition research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesRising pre-diabetes in Korean adults is an emerging concern, with notable increases observed even among younger adults. The interest in high-protein diets is also increasing in Korea, while concerns about excess intake remain. This study examined the associations of protein intake, diet quality, and diabetes-related metabolic indicators in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/
methodsThis study analyzed 8,254 adults aged 19-64 yrs without diabetes from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021, stratified by sex and pre-diabetic status. The protein intake was assessed using a 24-h recall, expressed as a percentage of the total energy intake, and divided into quintiles. The diet quality was examined using the Korean Healthy Eating Index. The diabetes-related metabolic indicators were waist circumference, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglyceride-glucose index. The associations were analyzed using complex sample general linear models and logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and total energy intake.
resultsThe protein intake was positively associated with the diet quality, peaking at Q4, then declining. Pre-diabetic men showed a decreasing trend in the elevated triglyceride risk with higher protein intake (Q4: odds ratio [OR], 0.697 [0.489-0.995];
conclusionThese findings suggest that in Korean adults without diabetes, maintaining an appropriate, balanced protein intake rather than simply increasing consumption may help manage the metabolic alterations associated with diabetes.
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