ReviewAmerican journal of cancer research2026
Regulatory T cells in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment: new mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies and future perspectives.
Review in American journal of cancer research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immunosuppressive components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their marked enrichment in breast cancer tissues, compared with normal or benign tissues, promotes tumor immune evasion and represents a major barrier to effective immunotherapy. This review systematically elucidates the multifaceted roles of Tregs in breast cancer progression. We first outline the fundamental characteristics and origins of Tregs within the breast cancer TME. We then examine the molecular mechanisms underlying Treg recruitment, highlighting how tumor cells and stromal components cooperatively establish an immunosuppressive niche. In addition, we analyze the specific pathways through which Tregs promote tumor angiogenesis, facilitate immune escape, and drive metastasis. Finally, we summarize emerging therapeutic strategies targeting Tregs, including biological agents, natural and synthetic compounds, combination therapies, and traditional Chinese medicine formulations, and discuss current challenges and future directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework and novel insights for the development of more effective Treg-targeted immunotherapies for breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.