Evidence mapPaperPMID 42267347Full record

ArticleFrontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare2026

The prevalence of diabetes and its association with comorbidities, demographic and behavioral factors: a cross-sectional survey among attendees of primary healthcare centers in Riyadh.

Seema Nasser, Mamdouh M Shubair, Mariam A A El-Metwally, Awad Alshahrani, Lubna Alnaim, Amani Alharthy, Mona Ibrahim Bin Amer, Faris Fatani, Raed Aldahash, Khadijah Angawi and 1 more

Abstract read
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Article in Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Seema NasserDepartment of Nursing, College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mamdouh M ShubairDepartment of Health Sciences program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, BC, Canada.
Mariam A A El-MetwallyDepartment of Psychology and Global One Health Academy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
Awad AlshahraniKing Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Lubna AlnaimKing Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Amani AlharthyDepartment of Health Science, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mona Ibrahim Bin AmerDepartment of Population Health Cluster, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Faris FataniRiyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Raed AldahashKing Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Khadijah AngawiDepartment of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Badr F Al-KhateebKing Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been found to affect a quarter of the population in Saudi Arabia, a higher burden than worldwide. Given that there is a lack of robust epidemiological evidence regarding T2D among Saudi population, a need assessment is necessary to identify risk factors of diabetes. Hence, this study aimed to estimate prevalence of diabetes and its demographic and behavioral risk factors among Saudi Arabian population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a validated and reliable questionnaire was conducted from March to July 2023 In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Altogether, 14,239 patients, aged 18 years or older were selected from 48 primary healthcare centers. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze data. Results: About 12.4% of Saudi residents were diabetic and 11% were hypertensive. Compared to younger participants of <50 years, those ≥75 years older were 6.30 times more likely to be diabetic (AOR: 6.30; 95% CI: 5.11, 7.77). The risk of T2D was higher among males and obese individuals by 33% (AOR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.51) and 39% (AOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.75), respectively. Compared to employed Saudi residents, unemployed residents were 1.49 times more likely to be diabetic (AOR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.70). Hypertensive patients were 10.42 times more likely to experience diabetes than non-hypertensive patients (AOR: 10.42; 95% CI: 9.02, 12.03). Patients with high cholesterol were 3.13 times more likely to develop diabetes than patients with low cholesterol levels (AOR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.72). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes appears to be high in Saudi Arabia. Older-aged males and unemployed Saudi residents were at higher risk of developing Diabetes than younger, employed, and female residents. Hypertension, obesity, and high cholesterol were other strong risk factors for T2D. Education was found to be a protective factor for Diabetes among Saudi population.

Indexed as

comorbiditiesprevalencerisk factorsSaudi Arabiatype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42267347
PMCPMC13244868

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.