SynthesisBipolar disorders2026
Clinical and Sociodemographic Correlates of Poor Medication Adherence in People With Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Bipolar disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated Psychological-Behavioral Predictive Model Using Explainable Machine Learning.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Analysis of medication adherence and its influencing factors in outpatients with mental disorders: a mixed study in eastern of China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPoor adherence to psychopharmacological treatment may contribute to relapses in bipolar disorder (BD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify factors associated with poor adherence in BD.
methodsThe protocol was registered in Open Science Framework Registries (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2KZFJ). We searched main electronic databases through March 2025. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain pooled odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for relevant correlates.
resultsWe included 19 studies. Subjects with poor adherence were more likely to be younger (SMD = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.42--0.02) and to have lower education (SMD = -0.34, 95% CI: -0.55--0.12), and less likely to be in a relationship (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.86). Moreover, earlier age at onset (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.53--0.04), psychotic features (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.30-1.92), a history of suicide attempts (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03-1.78), a higher number of manic (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.08-0.61) and mixed (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03-0.28) episodes, and more hospitalizations (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.73) all emerged as correlates of poor adherence. Also, cannabis (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.79-3.07) and alcohol use disorders (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.39-2.12), comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.90-7.22), and comorbid personality disorders (OR = 5.54, 95% CI: 1.32-23.15) were associated with poor adherence. Finally, poorly adherent individuals had higher global severity (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.01-0.41), lower insight (SMD = -0.74, 95% CI: -1.08--0.41), and lower global functioning (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI: -0.87--0.34). No differences were estimated for other variables.
conclusionsThis meta-analysis showed that poor adherence in people with BD is associated with specific correlates. Although evidence was generally weak due to small effect sizes, imprecision, inconsistency, and potential publication bias, our findings highlight the importance of strategies to improve adherence.
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