ReviewPain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2026
Closed-loop SCS and sensing: now and in the future.
Review in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- State of the Art in Neuromodulation or Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic pain has undergone many advancements over the years, including the introduction of novel stimulation waveforms, expansion to treat new pain conditions, and the more recent implementation of evoked compound action potential (ECAP) controlled, closed-loop (CL) SCS. The ECAP-a measure of neural activation-may be used as a biosignal for adjusting stimulation amplitudes to avoid under- and overstimulation associated with spinal cord movement relative to the SCS lead. CONTENT OVERVIEW: Using ECAPs in a CL system relies on successfully isolating the neural response signal from the relatively large stimulation artifact. A study with the first commercialized CL-SCS device investigated pain relief with low-frequency stimulation within a therapy window described as ranging from initial perception of sensation to discomfort (paresthesia window). In contrast, another commercial system with CL technology includes additional functionality to support consistent therapy with higher frequency stimulation set at or near the perception threshold. This more recently approved CL-SCS system leverages advanced artifact suppression and flexible CL control algorithms to afford dose control for conventional, high-frequency (up to 1200 Hz), and contemporary SCS waveforms.
conclusionsHere, we discuss the history and motivation for CL systems in SCS and the challenges faced when implementing such technology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.