Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42268607›Full record

ArticleJAMA network open2026

Artificially Sweetened and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Risk of Liver Cancer.

Cody Z Watling, Longgang Zhao, Xinyuan Zhang, Emily Deubler, Amparo G Gonzalez-Feliciano, Barry I Graubard, Jessica L Petrick, Aika Wojt, Gisela Butera, Jonathan N Hofmann and 15 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA network open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Cody Z WatlingDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Longgang ZhaoSchool of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Xinyuan ZhangChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Emily DeublerDepartment of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Amparo G Gonzalez-FelicianoDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Barry I GraubardDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Jessica L PetrickSlone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Aika WojtDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Gisela ButeraOffice of Research Services, Division of Library Services, National Institutes of Health Library, Rockville, Maryland.
Jonathan N HofmannDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Laura E Beane FreemanDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Martha J ShrubsoleDivision of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Wei ZhengDivision of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Staci L SudengaDivision of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Eva SchernhammerChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
A Heather EliassenChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Lorelei A MucciDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Howard D SessoChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Rashmi SinhaDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Erikka LoftfieldDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Caroline Y UmDepartment of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Marjorie L McCulloughDepartment of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Mazda JenabNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
Xuehong ZhangSchool of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Katherine A McGlynnDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.

Funding

Southern Community Cohort StudyU01CA202979 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BLOT, WILLIAM J., SHRUBSOLE, MARTHA J. · 2016 to 2025
$22.0M
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA202979
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: Artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are widely consumed worldwide and have been linked to metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are established risk factors associated with liver cancer. However, prospective evidence examining beverage consumption and liver cancer subtypes remains limited and inconsistent. Objective: To examine associations between ASB and SSB consumption and risk of incident liver cancer overall and by subtype, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Design, Setting, and Participants: In this pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies (10 US cohorts and 1 European cohort, comprising adults without a history of cancer at baseline), participants were enrolled across cohorts between 1980 and 2009 and followed up through end-of-study dates ranging from 2000 to 2019. The median (IQR) duration of follow-up was 11.4 (10.8-27.9) to 31.4 (27.6-31.5) years. This analysis was conducted between September 2024 and August 2025. Participants were followed up via linkage to state cancer registries or follow-up surveys for incident liver cancer. Exposures: Self-reported intake of ASB and SSB assessed at baseline using validated food frequency questionnaires and analyzed per 1-beverage/day increment. Main Outcomes and Measures: Incident liver cancer overall and by subtype (HCC and ICC) identified through cancer registries or medical record review. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for liver cancer incidence, adjusting for potential confounders, including demographics and lifestyle factors, and weighted-mean meta-analysis of estimates. Results: A total of 1 518 411 participants (mean [SD] age, 57.8 [10.1] years; 883 832 female [58.2%]) were included in this analysis. During a median (IQR) of 17.8 (12.8-23.5) years of follow-up, 2811 incident liver cancer cases were identified, including 1699 HCC and 444 ICC cases. After multivariable adjustment, ASB intake per 1-beverage/day increase was not associated with liver cancer risk, HCC (10 cohorts), or ICC (6 cohorts). SSB intake per 1-beverage/day increase was not associated with overall liver cancer risk but was associated with increased risk of HCC (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.18; 10 cohorts) and ICC (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32; 6 cohorts). There was no evidence of effect modification by diabetes status. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, increased SSB consumption was associated with increased risk of HCC and ICC. There was little evidence that ASB intake was associated with liver cancer risk overall or by subtype.

Indexed as

Liver NeoplasmsSugar-Sweetened BeveragesAdultAged, 80 and overCholangiocarcinomaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID42268607
PMCPMC13254733

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.